2ad s. N« 41., Oct. U. '56.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES, 



293 



for this than that asserted by Sir David Brewster, and I 

 believe it to be this: — That the rays from the object 

 behind are, in passing the fi-ont one, refracted, and that 

 they, and not the divergent rays, produced the white 

 ring; and this opinion was strengthened as I went on, 

 for I measured the pictures on my focussing-glass, then 

 removed the front black card-paper, and I found the 

 image of the white paper measured very considerably 

 less than before. I tried this at various distances, always 

 with a like result. 



This seems to me to solve the mystery ; for, did the 

 divergent rays produce the image, it would measure alike 

 both before and after removal of the front object. I be- 

 lieve that pictures produced by a lens are the resultants 

 of the convergent rays, and that those which diverge 

 would, as I said, be a confused, conglomerated mess, and 

 not a picture at all. I at once admit that I know very 

 little of the science of optics, and that I have been guided 

 b}' mere common sense in this matter, and am, very likely, 

 in error. Still I consider it a fit subject for elucidation ; 

 for it is evident that Sir David Brewster's statement is, 

 in some way or other, incorrect ; and, unless you object, 

 I have no doubt that some of your correspondents, much 

 mere conversant with optics than I, will soon clear up 

 this point. J. Stephens. 



Brompton Barracks, Sept. 26, 1856. 



leitpXlti t0 Minor ^xttviti. 



Mayor of London in 1,335 (2"'' S. i. 353. 483. 

 520. ; ii. 213. 258.) — Lambert (^History and 

 Survey of London, 1806, vol. i. p. 227.) says : 



" The same year [the context is " in the year of our 

 reign over England the eighteenth, but of our reign over 

 France the fifth "] the king granted Reginald de Con- 

 ductu, an annuity of twenty-one pounds, arising from 

 several messuages in the city belonging to the crown, in 

 consequence of the said Reginald having, during his 

 mayoralty, in the ninth and tenth years \_sic'\ of the reign 

 of Edward III., expended large sums of money for the 

 benefit of the citizens in general : and for other reasons 

 which did him honour both as a man and a magistrate." 



Some of your contributors may be able to refer 

 to tbis grant. 



Vol. iii. of the above work (pp. 352. to 366.) 

 contains a list of mayors and sheriffs from 1189 to 

 1 806, from which I extract the following : 



« 1327. 

 Mayor. Hamond Chyckwell. 

 Sheriffs, Gylbert Moordon, Johan Cotton. 



1328. 

 Mayor. Johan Grauntham. 

 Sheriffs. Henry Darcey, Johan Hawteyne. 



1329. 

 Mayor. Symond Swanland. 

 Sheriffs. Sym. Fraunces, Hen. Combmartyme. 



1330. 

 Mayor. " Johan Pounteney. 

 Sheriffs. Eychard Lazar, Henry Gysors. 



1331. 

 Mayor. Johan Pounteney. 

 Sheriffs. Robert of Ely, Thomas Harwode. 



1332. 

 Mayor. Johan Preston. 

 Sheriffs. Johan Mockynge, Andrew Awbry. 



1333. 

 Mayor, Johan Pounteney. 

 Sheriffs. Nicholas Pyke, Johan Husband. 



1334. 

 3Tayor. Eeyn. at Conduyte. 

 Sheriffs. Johan Hamonde, Wyll. Hansarde. 



1335. 

 Mayor. Eeyn. at Conduyte. 

 Sheriff's. Johan Kyngston, Walter Turke. 



1336, 

 Mayor. Johan Pountenej'. 

 Sheriff's. Walter Mordon, Eichard Upton. 



1337, 

 Mayor. Henry Darcey. 

 Sheriffs. Wyllyam Brykelsworth, Jn. Northall." 



There is no Wotton but " Nicholas," who makes 

 his first appearance in 1415 ; his second in 143J}, 

 No reference is given to any authority for the 

 list. K. Webb. 



40. Hanover Street, Pimlico, 



Heraldry; Ordinaries of Arms (2"'^ S, il. 249.) 

 — The family to which a coat of arras belongs may 

 be ascertained by reference to those classified col- 

 lections of heraldry technically termed ordinaries 

 of arms, of which the best is that compiled by 

 Robert Glover, Somerset Herald. It has been 

 printed with additions by Edmondson and Berry 

 in their works on heraldry. The original MS. is 

 in the College of Arms. Several MS. ordinaries 

 may be found in the British Museum, especially 

 among the Harleian Collection. 



All the ordinaries I have seen have been formed 

 without any fixed rule for determining under what 

 head a coat is entered. Thus, Argent, a lion ram- 

 pant, gules, on a chief sable, three escallops of the 

 field, is indifferently entered under the title of 

 Lions, or Chiefs, or Escallops; and perhaps it is 

 found under all three, A good ordinary is a de- 

 sideratum in heraldic literature, and ought to be 

 supplied. The best in point of arrangement which 

 has fallen under my notice is annexed to A Roll 

 of Arms of Peers and Knights in the Reign of 

 Edtvard II., by Sir N, H. Nicolas, Lond. 1828. 

 The number of arms, however, is extremely 

 limited. Thompson Cooper. 



The only printed work to assist R. is Perry's 

 EncyclopcBdia Heraldica, an ordinary, near the end 

 of vol. i. Mr. Papworth has a very valuable work 

 of this description in preparation for the press. 



R, S. 



For the information which R. requires, he 

 should consult an Ordinary of Arms, which is the 

 converse of a Dictionary of Arms ; the bearings 

 being arranged under the principal features, as 



