494 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[2"d s. No 61., Dec. 20. 



MEBAI. OP THE PRETENDER. 



(1"S. xi. 84.) 



Inquiries were made long since respecting a 

 medal of the Pretender : the head on one side, 

 and on the reverse, a young tree springing from 

 the withered trunk, with " revirescit " above, and 

 "1750" beneath. Your reply was to the effect 

 that the medal is not uncommon, and that it was 

 struck in Italy. 



I possess medals answering to this description, 

 and, believing them to be rare, I intended to pre- 

 sent one to the British Museum ; but on my friend 

 calling there he was informed that the collection 

 contained several copies. 



That such a medal, or medals, as you state, was 

 struck in Italy I do not question; but what I 

 submit is that such a medal was struck in Eng- 

 land, which cannot be inferred from your answer, 

 and may not be known to the officers of the Mu- 

 seum. Where the die was cut I know not, nor 

 does it affect this question. 



I have papers in my possession which'show that 

 subscriptions were received in London for such 

 medals. Here is a copy of one of them : 



« 1749. 

 Eeceiv'd One "Ga for the Medal of an Oak 



to be deliver'd on Demand. (Seal) " 



This, it may be said, proves nothing^s to where 

 the medal was struck. But I also have in my 

 possession no less than seven bills and receipts for 

 striking these medals, in gold, silver, and copper ; 

 and I will copy one of them as the names may be 

 suggestive to you and your better informed cor- 

 respondents : 



" 1750. To Alex"-. Johnston. £ s. d. 



March 26. To 22 Silver meddals W. 12oz.") o .« o 



12idwt. 6s. Id. peroz -J <^ it> « 



To pd Mr. Pingo's Bill - - 6 11 5 



To pi for 14Ib. 2oz. Coppar, 1 i i r o 



2s. 6d. per lib. - - .] ^ ^^ ^ 



To flatting waist and attend- \ o i n 



anceeprps. - - -J ** ^ " 



£14 4 4." 



I am not certain as to the last entry. 



All these bills are due to Johnston, and in all 

 payment is made to Mr. Pingo. 



In addition to these, and it appears to me con- 

 clusive, I have one of the dies — • the head of the 

 Pretender. 



As I am entirely ignorant of numismatics, I 

 think it well to add, that some of these medals 

 appear to be solid ; while others are in separate 

 pieces, bound together with a collar ; and in one 

 of the bills is a charge — 



« To pd. for Collaring a meddle . . 6d" 



I submit the facts without comment for your 

 consideration, and shall be glad to receive an ex- 

 planation. M. O. P. 



CALENDS. 



(2"'^ S. ii. 110.236. 276.419.) 

 It is to be desired that the exact pronunciation 

 and meaning of this word at Bromyard and Ludlow 

 should be verified by your former correspondents, 

 with reference to the remark above in p. 276. 

 The Herefordshire Glossary, published in 1839, 

 contains this article : 



" Scallage or Scallenge, s. : a detached covered porch at 

 the entrance of a churchyard. Ducange in v. shows that 

 scaltis was sometimes used for stallus, in the sense of a 

 seat. Hence, perhaps, may have been derived Scalagium." 



There can be no doubt that in parts of Here- 

 fordshire, and neighbouring counties, the lich-gate, 

 or covered porch at the entrance of a churchyard, 

 under which the bearers remain with the coffin, 

 when the clergyman comes out to meet it, is called 

 scallenge, or scalleons. The writer of this note 

 has had the means of verifying the fact within 

 the last few weeks. If this word is pronounced 

 calends in other parts of the same county, it is 

 possible that the former is a corruption of the 

 latter form. Mr. Lower states that a part of the 

 close of Rouen Cathedral is called the Calende ; 

 and that the entrance to the south transept is 

 known as the Portail de la Calende. It appears 

 from Ducange, in v. Kalendce, that meetings of 

 the clergy on the calends, or first day of each 

 month, were themselves called calends : the same 

 name was also given to pious brotherhoods, for a 

 similar reason. It is conceivable that a part of 

 a church, or other sacred building, where these 

 meetings were held, may have acquired the name of 

 calends. One of the meanings of the word in Du- 

 cange is, "Initium cujusvis rei, ubi territorium 

 aliquod incipit;" in which sense it might have 

 been applied to a porch at the entrance of the 

 churchyard. Before, however, further attempts 

 at explanation are made, it is to be wished that 

 your correspondents should state whether they 

 have represented with perfect precision the sound 

 and acceptation of the provincial term. L. 



STOCK FROST. 



(2'"' S. i. 151. 215.) 



Your correspondents, J. B. and E. G. R. ex- 

 press disbelief in the occurrence of " stock frosts." 

 I apprehend the only reason they can assign for 

 their disbelief is, that neither of them have ever 

 seen one, and neither of them can see how such a 

 phenomenon is " reconcileable with science and 

 reason." The King of Bantam would not believe 

 in ice for one or both of the same reasons. There 

 was ice nevertheless ; and in like manner, not- 

 withstanding the incredulity of J. B. and E. G. R. 

 there are such things as stock-frosts which have 



