31 



which occurs in pine forests from Lapland to Barbary, 

 and which has been naturalized even in the Madeira 

 Islands, passes through the alternations to which it is 

 specifically subject, irrespective of country. In like 

 manner, the Lixus angustatus, Fab., so abundant in Cen- 

 tral and Southern Europe, the north of Africa, Malta, 

 Madeira, and the Canaries, and which has been detected 

 in Persia, would seem to be perfectly free from atmo- 

 spheric control. The Coccinella 7-punctata, Linn., which 

 exists in nearly every portion of the Old World, is 

 apparently unacted upon geographically. Numberless 

 beetles which follow in the track of man, or at any rate 

 are liable to do so, almost everywhere (such as Carpophilm 

 hemipterus, Linn., Trogosita mauritanica, Linn., Lcemo- 

 phlceus pusillus, Schonh., Dermestes vulpinus, Fab., Ano- 

 bium striatum, Oliv., Rhizopertha pusilla, Yab.,Sitophilus 

 granarius and Ory2&, Linn., and Triboliumferrugineum, 

 Fab.), show little or no tendency to variation. Nor is this 

 independence of climate to be observed less frequently in 

 the aquatic forms, than in the terrestrial ones : the Aga- 

 bus bipustulatus, Linn., common in the streams and pools 

 of the whole of Europe, the north of Africa, and in Ma- 

 deira, although naturally somewhat inconstant, offers no 

 aberration, the result of latitude ; as is equally the case 

 with the Hydroporus confluens, Fab., w r hich is found from 

 Sweden to the Canaries, and the Eunectes sticticus, 

 Linn., an insect literally cosmopolitan. The Swallow- 

 Tail Butterfly (Papilio Machaon, Linn.), the Clouded 

 Yellow (Colias Edusa, Fab.) and the Painted Lady (Cyn- 



