Dr Latham's General and Special Apophthegms. 41 



X. The simple record of facts constitutes ethnography, or 

 descriptive ethnology. 



XI. The application of these to the investigation of 

 unascertained phenomena is getheral ethnology, or (simply) 

 ethnology. 



XII. The highest ethnological problems are those con- 

 nected with 1, the unity ; 2, the geographical origin ; 3, the 

 antiquity ; and 4, the future destination, upon earth, of man. 

 It arrives at these by its own proper and peculiar methods. 



XIII. Ethnological classification deals with connection in 

 the way of descent and affiliation only. It has no such 

 object as the arrangement of individuals or classes according 

 to any common physical or moral characteristics, except so 

 far as these indicate community of origin. 



XIV. In the present condition of the science, the appre- 

 ciation of facts is of equal importance with the collection of 

 them, i, 



XV. A fact may be appreciated either as a characteristic 

 or as an influence. 



XVI. Facts used as signs or characteristics ; and, as such, 

 mostly applied to the purposes of classification, are either 

 physical or moral ; physical, as when we determine a class 

 from the colour of the skin ; moral, as when we determine 

 one from the purity or impurity of the habits. 



XVII. Moral characteristics are either philological (i. e. con- 

 nected with the language) or non-philological (i. e. not so 

 connected). 



XVIII. As elements of classification, the wow-philological 

 moral characters are of less value than the philological ; 

 since common conditions develop common habits ; whereas 

 nothing but imitation determines the use of similar combina- 

 tions of articulate sounds in difi^erent languages. 



XIX. In the way, too, of physical characteristics, common 

 conditions develop common points of confirmation. Hence, 

 as elements of classification, physical characters are of less 

 value than the philological moral ones. 



XX. On the other hand, as measures of the eflfects of com- 

 mon influences, physical structure and the non-philological 



