40 Dr Latham's General and Special Apophthegms. 



General Apophthegms. 



I. The natural history of man is chiefly divided between 

 two subjects, anthropology and ethnology. 



II. Anthropology determines the relations of man to the 

 other mammalia. 



III. Ethnology, the relations of the different varieties of 

 mankind to each other. 



IV. Anthropology is more immediately connected with 

 zoology ; differing from it chiefly in the complexity of its 

 problems, e. g. the appreciation of the extent to which the 

 moral characteristics of man complicate a classification 

 which in the lower animals, is, to a great extent, founded on 

 physical criteria. 



V. Ethnology is more immediately connected with history ; 

 differing from it chiefly in its object, its method, and its arena. 



VI. Whilst history represents the actions of men ..a deter- 

 mined by moralf ethnology ascertains the effect of physical 

 influences. 



VII. History collects its facts from testimony, and ethno- 

 logy does the same ; but ethnology deals with problems upon 

 which history is silent, by arguing backwards, from effect to 

 cause. 



VIII. This throws the arena of the ethnologist into an 

 earlier period of the world's history than that of the proper 

 historian. 



IX. It is the method of arguing from effect to cause which 

 gives to ethnology its scientffic, in opposition to its literary 

 aspect, plg-cing it, thereby, in the same category with 

 geology, as a palseontological science.* Hence it is the 

 science of a method, a method by which inference does 

 the work of testimony. Furthermore, ethnology is history 

 in respect to its results ; geology in respect to its method ; 

 and in the same way that geology has its zoological, physio- 

 logical, and such other aspects as constitute it a mixed 

 science, ethnology has them also. 



* It is scarcely necessary to inform the reader that both this term and the 

 classification are from Whewell's History of the Inductive Sciences. 



