THE 



EDINBURGH NEW 



PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNAL 



EXHIBITING A VIEW OP THE 



PROGRESSIVE DISCOVERIES AND IMPROVEMENTS 



IN THE ^^ 



SCIENCES AND THE/^?^^ 



CONDUCTED BY \/^^ , ' "^^-iiEj • oVV 



ROBERT JAMESONT^^^Siii-^ 



KEOIUS PEOFESSOB OF NATURAL HISTOET, LECTUEEE ON MINERALOGY, AND KEEPEE OP 

 TUE MUSEUM IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH; 

 fellow of the Royal Societies of London and Edinburgh ; Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy ; of the 

 Royal Society of Sciences of Denmark ; of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin ; of the Royal Academy of 

 Naples ; of the Geological Society of France ; Honorary Member of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta ; Fellow of 

 the Royal Linnean, and of the Geological Societies of London ; of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, and 

 of the Cambridge Philosophical Society ; of the Antiquarian, Wemerian Natural History, Royal Medical, Royal 

 Physical, and Horticultural Societies of Edinburgh ; of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland ; of 

 the Antiquarian and Literary Society of Perth ; of the Statistical Society of Glasgow ; of the Royal Dublin 

 Society; of the York, Bristol, Cambrian, Whitby, Northern, and Cork Institutions; of the Natural History So- 

 ciety of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle ; of the Imperial Pharmaceutical Society of Petersburgh ; of 

 the Natural History Society of Wetterau ; of the Mineralogical Society of Jena ; of the Royal Mineralogical So- 

 ciety of Dresden ; of the Natural History Society of Paris ; of the Philomathic Society of Paris ; of the Natural 

 History Society of Calvados ; of the Senkenberg Society of Natural History ; of the Society of Natural Sciences 

 and Medicine of Heidelberg ; Honorary Member of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New York ; of 

 the New York Historical Society ; of the American Antiquarian Society ; of the Academy of Natural Sciences of 

 Philadelphia ; of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York ; of the Natural History Society of Montreal ; of 

 he Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania for the Promotion of the Mechanical Arts ; of the Geological 

 Society of Pennsylvania ; of the Boston Society of Natural History of the United States ; of ths South African 

 Institution of the Cape of Good Hope ; Honorary Member of the Statistical Society of France ; Member of the 

 Entomological Society of Stettin, &c. &c. &c. 



Z*^ 



4Pfiifc. 1851 .... OCTOBER 1851. 



VOL. LI. 



TO BE CONTINUED QUARTERLY. 



EDINBURGH: 



ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK. 

 LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS, LONDON. 



1851. 



