46 FOSSIL INSECTS OF THE BRITISH COAL MEASURES. 



Naturalists at Bonn. Aiulmiiii described tin- wing- as that of an unknown 

 Neuropterous insect allied to Hemerobins, Xo///;//.v and especially to GoTij^aLis. 

 .Mantell (r Audouin) described it as closely resembling a species of living Goryilalis 

 of Carolina. Swinton states that Mantel! purchased the fossil at a sale ot 

 Parkinson's collection, although Mantel! C. Medals of ( 'real ion.' p. .*i .">-!) says that 

 lie '"discovered" it in a nodule From Coalbrookdale. Possibly the nodule had 

 previously formed part of the Parkinson Collection. Hoth the figures liy Mantel! 

 and Murchison are badlv drawn, and it was not until 1 S~4 that a reliable drawing 

 was published by Swinton. The latter author devoted considerable attention to 

 a "serrated vein" at the base of the wing, which he regarded as a stridnlating 

 organ. lie therefore referred the wing to the Orthoptera, and to the genus 

 Gi'i/ilctcris. Scudder threw considerable doubt on S.win ton's conclusions, and 

 showed that such an organ so placed could not have been of any service. As 

 we shall see later, the supposed stridulatmg organ is merely a torn edge of the 

 base of the wing. A studv of the wing-structure convinced Scudder thai the 

 wiiiL!' was most clnselv related to the Lithomantis c.arljunariiis, Woodward. Being 

 genericallv distinct from Lithomantis, and from living types, he gave the insect 

 the generic name of l/itJiOsialis. 



Lithosialis brongniarti (Mantell). Plate 111, tig. 1 ; Text-figure lit. 



1833. Corydulix ,', Audouin, Ann. 8oc. Enl. France, vol. ii, Hull., p. 7. 



]s:_!il. ( ',ii-i/ilii/in .', Audouin. J'.uckland, Brid^ewatt-r Treatise, vol. ii. p. 77. 



1844. Ciiri/iliilin liriniijiiiiiiii. Mantel], Mi-da Is of ('ivatioii, ed. 1. vol. ii, p. 57S. lie,u. 1:24, tii, r . '2. 



1854. "Sialid;i'." Pictet. Traitc dt- Paleontologie, ed. ~2, p. :)77. pi. \1. Ii-. 1. 



lst;7. t'liri/diilia, "allied to." Murchison. Siluria, i-d. 4, ]>. :!uu, woodcut SO. 



1871. Cori/clii/ix liruHijiiiur/i, Woodvvafd. Gcol. Mai;'., vol. viii, ]i. :W7 ( naiur onlvl. 



1874. Oorydalis hrmiiji/iiii-ti, Swiutun, Ge(>l. Mat;'. [ - 2], vol. i. p. 'i-!'.', pi. xiv. fi^. :!. 



lx7-">. <li-i/llin-ri.< (<'nri/t/iili*) lii-'iin/iiiiiiii, Woodward, Gi'ol. Ma^-. - , vol. ii, p. <>2i2. 



1870. (.'iiri/ihilis lirmiiiiiiiirli, \Vooihvard, Quarl. Journ. Cleol. Soc.. vol. x.\\ii, p. (< - 2. 



Issil. Curi/dulix lirinii/iiiiiiii, Nowa.k. Jalirb. k.k. ({col. K'ciclisanst .. \Vit-n, vol. xxx, p. 7^1. pi. ii, (!_; I. 



1881. Lifli,,*;,!/;* In-nmjnnnii. Sclld-lc]', (i,M,I. Mill,'. - Vol. viii. p. '1W . 



188o. LillinssiiiHii In-iiiK/iiiiiiii, ScMiddtT, Mem. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. iii, p. -J-jn, pi. \\ii. ii^>. 1. _!. S, ;i. 

 1885. Prutogryllacrig linnii/iiiiirli, Brougniart, lJull. Soc. Amis Sci. Nat. Iii n :! . aim. \\i. p. .'*'.' 



Lilliiiiiiiiiilix liriniijiiiii rll, IJroii^iimrt. Faunc Entimi. Terr. I'rini., p. )!71. fi^s. 17, IS. 



Litlittti'ilit lii-iiiii/iiini'/i. llaiidlirsch, Die Fossilen Iusrkli-u, ]>. S4, pi. x. tii,'. |:'.. 



'/'///"'. A left fore-wing; British Museum (Mantell ('oil.."///// Parkinson Coll., 

 no. I I/,]*.)). 



ll<n-i::<i ninl Locality. Coal Measures; near ( 'oallirookdale. Shropshire. 



Specific Characters. Radial sector \\iih not more than iliree branches; median 

 much branched, and ocriipvmg much of the distal inner wing-margin. Cubitus 

 with three divisions. Anal veins few, and very oblique. 



