60 Dr Daubeny on Thermal Springs, 



The only other springs in Derbyshire, which appear to be at 

 all elevated above the medium temperature of the climate, are one 

 in Stoke Park, vi^hich, being little more than a mile from Stoney 

 Middleton, may possibly be influenced by the same cause as the 

 former, and one in the town of Bakewell, which, though not ac- 

 tually upon a fault, is in a manner encircled by one, which, ac- 

 cording to Mr Farey, sweeps round from Beely, on the south- 

 west of Bakewell, to Alport, thence to Over Haddon, and ter- 

 minates north-west of Bakewell, near to Baslow. 



But the line of faults, and the country contiguous to them, 

 seem in Derbyshire to be peculiarly favourable to the ri^e, not 

 only of thermal springs, but also of carbonated or petrifying 

 ones, as will be seen by the list given of the latter by Mr Farey, 

 in page 458. Of these, it may be observed, by reference to his 

 map, that nine out of twelve lie either upon the great limestone 

 fault, or very near it, viz. that of Alport near Yolgrave, Brass- 

 ington near Wirksworth, Cressbrook Dale near Litton, Matlock 

 Bath, Monk's Dale west of Tideswell, Slaley in Bonsai Dale, 

 Tides well, and Wormhill. We must also not forget, that these 

 springs occur in a country, which, at some remote period, has 

 been the scene of decided volcanic action ; and that, from what 

 we know of the long continuance of such operations in other 

 parts of the world, it would be rash to assign a limit to its 

 duration in Derbyshire, or refuse to attribute the phenomena of 

 its springs to such a cause, merely because it has not manifested 

 itself in an energetic form since the period of the mountain- 

 limestone-formation. 



The connexion of carbonated springs with faults has likewise 

 been observed in other parts of England. My friend Mr Phil- 

 lips of York informs me, that he has noticed a series of petrify- 

 ing springs, of which Knaresborough is the most noted, coin- 

 ciding with the direction of a great fault which he has traced 

 through a part of Yorkshire. The connexion of carbonated 

 waters with dislocations of the strata has, however, been still 

 more satisfactorily traced in Germany, where they have been 

 found to issue from what have been termed circular valleys 

 of elevation, that is to say, valleys, which are, or appear at one 

 time to have been, enclosed by escarpments, the strata dip- 



