Dr Drnmmond on Humanity to Animals. 183 



With regard to the virtue of humanity as exercised towards 

 your own species, I would wish you to have an ever-present con- 

 viction, that only for circumstances, you yourself might have 

 had a very different lot from what you enjoy ; that milHons who 

 are sunk in ignorance, and " steeped in poverty to the very 

 hps," would, with your opportunities, have been your equals or 

 superiors in usefulness and talent ; that you should always curb 

 with a strong hand the suggestions and workings of an over- 

 weening self-pride ; and that, when you give charity or advice, 

 or render your good offices in any shape to your less fortunate 

 brethren of the human race, you should act on the pure and un- 

 adulterated principle of doing good for its own sake, and from 

 a sympathy of feeling for the privations and misfortunes of your 

 fellow men. An action, however good or charitable it may be 

 in its effects, if it be performed either from a hope of reward, 

 or through a fear of punishment, let us call it what we will, is 

 not an act of virtue. 



On the Employment of Heated Air in the Smelting of Iron, 



Among the many discoveries that have of late been made in 

 chemical science, there are perhaps few of more practical import- 

 ance than the ingenious application of heated air in the smelt- 

 ing of iron-ore, either in the immediate benefit which it will 

 confer on this important art, or in the various improvements 

 which it is likely to lead to in other operations. The following 

 is a very brief outline of the manner in which the heated air is 



in the next, and that damnation will certainly come according to thy call. 

 I, however, hope better things of thee, and that all thy punishment will be 

 in this life. It is not likely that thy soul, when separated from thy body, 

 will sleep till the day of judgment. According to the doctrine of a very sen- 

 sible man, it may inhabit the fore-horse of a dray, and suffer all the pain that 

 guilt and whip-cord can give. In a word, Tom, I advise thee to fall on thy 

 knees, and ask God forgiveness for thy cruelty and thy oaths, and to be care- 

 ful for the future not to sleep upon the road ; to drink less ale, and no drams ; 

 so shalt thou save thy whips and thy horses, thy body and thy soul. 

 " I am, Tom, thy friend and well-wisher, 



" James Grangek.'* 



