Scientific Intelligence. — Statistics. 201 



Of what Country. — Scotch, 163,600 ; English, 2,919; Irish, 

 535,554; Foreigners, 353. Total, 202,426. There are many 

 who consider the great influx of Irish as detrimental to this part 

 of the country. This may hold true as regards weavers and 

 indigent persons ; but it is only justice to say, that but for the 

 numerous industrious Irish labourers, the improvements of late 

 years could not have been carried on with the same beneficial 

 effect. 



" Pauperism. — The number of paupers being 5,006, and the 

 population 202,426, there is one pauper for every 40 ^Vo P^*"- 

 sons. The number of paupers being 5,006, and the sum ex- 

 pended for their maintenance or rehef, L.l 7,281 : 18 : 0^, gives 

 L.3 : 9 : Oi to each pauper. If the sum for the relief of pau- 

 pers was paid equally by the whole non-recipient population, 

 the proportion to each would be one shilling and ninepence and 

 a small fraction. 



" Muslin Weaving. — This city has long been conspicuous 

 for its trade and manufactures, and latterly the weaving of mUs- 

 lin by power has been carried on to a great extent. In August 

 1 831 four firms alone, viz. the Lancefield Spinning Company, 

 Messrs Johnstone and Galbraith, James Finlay and Company, 

 and William Dunn, employed 2,405 looms. These looms, on 

 an average, weave 14 yards per day. Allowing each loom to 

 work 300 days in a year, these four firms would throw off 

 10,101,000 yards of cloth, which, at the average price of 4^. 

 per yard, is L. 189,393, 15s. per annum. 



" Po^t-Office. — In 1709, the whole post office revenue in 

 Scotland was under L.2,000. The revenue of the Glasgow of- 

 fice in 1781 was L.4341:4:9; in 1810, L.27,598: 6 : ; in 

 1815, L.34,784 : 16 : ; in 1820, L.31,533 : 2 : 3 ; in 1825, 

 L.34,190 : 1 : 7 ; and in 1830, L.34,978 : 9 : O^. The London 

 Mail-coach first came to Glasgow on 7th July 1788. Before 

 that time the course of post from London to Glasgow was five 

 days, the Glasgow letters being then brought round by Edin- 

 burgh, and even detained there twelve hours till the usual Edin- 

 burgh dispatch was made up in the evening. 



** Number of Steam-Engines in the City and sttburhs. — The 

 first steam-engine used in Scotland for spinning cotton was put 

 up at Springfield, opposite to what is now the Steam-Boat Quay, 



