On Physical Geography. SiTL 



of less importance take their rise from the northern side. In 

 Scandinavia the water-shed is sometimes interrupted. 



" 11. Lakes of considerable extent, and in great numbers, 

 are found near the southern, northern and eastern bases of the 

 Alps, and near the eastern bases of the Scandinavian mountains; 

 there are none at the feet of the Pyrenees. High or elevated 

 lakes are numerous in Scandinavia ; they are small and rare on 

 the Alps and Pyrenees. 



" 1J2. In Scandinavia there are but few secondary mountains, 

 the range being almost entirely composed of primitive rocks. 

 No thermal springs are found among them. 



" 13. The east side of the Scandinavian chain enjoys a 

 continental climate, and the west side a maritime climate. On 

 the south-western foot of the Alps the mean annual temperature 

 is high and the winter very mild ; on the southern and still 

 more on the western foot the climate is continental; to the north 

 of the Alps the difference between the temperatures of winter 

 and summer goes on increasing as we advance towards the east. 

 The|difference diminishes as we ascend. 



'' 14. If we do not take the heights into consideration, the 

 difference of the mean temperature is considerable in Scandina- 

 via ; it is less in the Alps, and still less in the Pyrenees. But 

 if the height be taken into account, we find that it is highest in 

 the Alps, and lowest in Scandinavia. 



" 15. In approaching the Alps, the quantity of rain in- 

 creases ; it is very great on the southern side, and very small at 

 the eastern extremity. The western side of the Scandinavian 

 chain is under a pluvial sky, the eastern side enjoys a dry cli- 

 mate. 



" 16. The limit of snow in Scandinavia descends from 5200 

 feet to 2200, in advancing from north to south. In the northern 

 Alps it is at the height of 8200 feet, in the eastern Alps at 8000, 

 and in the southern Alps 8600. In the northern Pyrenees 

 it is at 7800, in those of the south 8600 feet. The Alps pre- 

 sent the greatest quantity of snow, as well as the greatest and 

 most numerous glaciers. 



" 17. The upper regions of the three chains much resemble 

 each other. The hmit of trees in Scandinavia is formed by the 

 birch, and descends in advancing from south to north, from 



