376 On Physical Geography. 



" 1. The Scandinavian mountains occupy 1S° of Latitude ; 

 the Alps 4i°, the Pyrenees 1°. 



" % The Scandinavian mountains belong to a region alto- 

 gether maritime ; those of the Pyrenees less so, and those of the 

 Alps not at all. 



'* 3. The Scandinavian mountains are of greater extent than 

 the Alps, and the latter have a more extensive range than the 

 Pyrenees. 



" 4. The Alps and the Pyrenees pursue a direction approach- 

 ing that of the equator ; the direction of the Scandinavian chain 

 is rather that of the meridian. 



" 5. The Alps are the loftiest; next the Pyrenees; and, 

 lastly, the Scandinavian mountains. The most elevated summits 

 are, in the Alps, from 14,000 to 15,000 feet (French) ; in the 

 Pyrenees from 10,000 to 11,000; and, in the Scandinavian 

 chain, from 7000 to 8000. The mean height of the most ele- 

 vated part is, in the Alps, from 10,000 to 12,000; in the Py- 

 renees, from 7000 to 8000 ; and in the Scandinavian chain, 

 from 4000 to 5000. 



" 6. The passes in the Pyrenees are as high as in the Alps ; 

 in the Scandinavian mountains we often cross a kind of table- 

 land in travelling across the chain. 



" 7. The incHnation of the acclivities is very various in Scan- 

 dinavia ; it is much less so in the Alps and Pyrenees. In these 

 latter chains, the southern declivity is the most rapid ; in the 

 first it is the western. 



, " 8. In Scandinavia the central high mountain chain is almost 

 flat ; in the Alps, the ridges are not acute ; those of the Py- 

 renees approach more nearly to that form. 



" 9. Longitudinal valleys are large and numerous in the 

 Alps ; they are inconsiderable in the Pyrenean and Scandina- 

 vian mountains. Transverse valleys exist on both sides of the 

 Alps and Pyrenees ; they occur chiefly on the western slope of 

 the Scandinavian chain. 



" 10. The largest rivers flow down the eastern side of the 

 Scandinavian mountains, and the smaller down the western side. 

 Three large rivers descend from the north side of the Alps ; in 

 the Pyrenees, one only flows down the southern slope, and many 



