and of the Vegetation of North America. Ill 



I observed Grimmia ovata, and G. unicolor* in abundance ; 

 Gymnostomum lapponicum, (rare) Pterogonhym Jiliforme, &c. 

 Aspidium fragrans, Woodsia ilvense, &c. Orthotrichum ele- 

 gans, Ludzvigii and crispum, common ; Pinus Banksiana, 

 now made its appearance, and poplars in the more marshy 

 grounds ; Primula pusilla was seen plentifully in flower along 

 the shores. A little above Fort-William, I observed Woodsia 

 glabella, and I think a new species of Pteris. The oaks, 

 maples, and Acers still continue, but are gradually giving 

 place to Pinus alba and Banksiana : the general mosses in 

 their shade, are Hypnum crista-castrensis, Schreheri and abie- 

 tinum. In the marshes H. nitens is common ; several species 

 of Lycopodium, not found in Britain; Ledum latifolium, 

 Gualtheria procumbens, Linncea borealis, are very plentiful. 

 In the marshes, are Andromeda polifolia and calyculata. The 

 country continues broken by low hills and lakes, with much 

 the same vegetation, until we reached lake Winnipeg, where 

 it becomes an universal marsh, affording little but willows and 

 reeds. On the limestone-rocks I observed Gymnostomum tenue, 

 and a new species, Weissia calcarea, &c. The marshes con- 

 tinue past Cumberland-House, where I remarked Bryum 

 triquetrum frequent. Although I remained there six weeks 

 I collected very few plants, and those mostly common. The 

 water of the lake, on which it is situated, rose unusually high, 

 and overflowed the whole of the surrounding country. The 

 wood now consisted entirely of the white spruce, poplar, and 

 willows. I felt the effects of the high water severely in cross- 

 ing the Saskatchewan, as the plants on its banks were entirely 

 destroyed, and the haste with which we proceeded did not ad- 

 mit of our visiting the interior. The level of the plains at 

 Carlton-House is about fifty feet above the river, which had 

 there risen about twenty-five feet perpendicular. I found 

 most of the plants in the plain out of flower, but observed 

 that the Diadelphous tribes were numerous. The plains are 

 in general sandy, and unfavourable to the growth of mosses. 

 As the Indians about Carlton were very troublesome, I deter- 

 mined to proceed as far as Edmonton, about 400 miles farther 



* This it should be recollected was discovered by Mr Drummond in 

 Scotland. — H. 



