128 



Comparative Vien of 



This skull was found by Dr Ruschenberger, about a mile 

 from the town of Arica, on the south side of the morro, a ce- 

 metery of the ancient Peruvians. " The surface is covered 

 with sand an inch or two deep, which being removed discovers 

 a stratum of salt, three or four inches in thickness, that spreads 

 all over the hill. The body (to which this head belonged) was 

 placed in a squatting posture, with the knees drawn up and 

 the hands applied to the sides. The whole was enveloped in 

 a coarse, but close fabric, with stripes of red, which has with- 

 stood, wonderfully, the destroying effects of ages, for these in- 

 terments were made before the conquest, although at what 

 period is unknown." 



Dr Morton states that the average internal capacity of the 

 Caucasian or European head is at least 90 cubic inches. In 

 three adult ancient Peruvians, it is only 73. The mean capa- 

 city of the anterior chamber is about one-half of that of the 

 posterior, or 25 to 47, while the mean facial angle is but 67, 

 degrees. 



the posterior margin of the foramen magnum to the suture, which connects 

 the OS frontis with the bones of the nose ; the horizmital peripheini is mea- 

 sured by passing a tape round the cranium so as to touch the os frontis im- 

 mediately above the superciliary ridges, and the most prominent part of the 

 occipital bone : the length of the head and face is measured from the margin 

 of the upper jaw, to the most distant point of the occiput ; the zygomati 

 diameter is the distance, in a right line, between the most prominent points 

 of the zygomce ; the facial angle is ascertained by an instrument of ingenious 

 construction and easy application, invented by Dr Turnpenny, and described 

 by Dr Morton. Dr Morton took nearly all the anatomical measurements 

 with his own hands. 



