130 Comparative View of 



these : longitudinal diameter, 7.5 inches ; parietal diameter' 

 6.9 inches ; frontal diameter, 6.1 inches ; breadth between 

 the cheek bones, 6.1 inches ; facial angle, about 73 degrees. 

 Dr Morton considers it certain that the forms of the skull 

 produced by compression, never become congenital, even in 

 successive generations, but that the characteristic form is 

 always preserved, unless art has directly interfered to distort 

 it. Pp. 206, 207. 



The extinct race in Peru, was succeeded by the " Inca, or 

 Modern Peruvians." This race dates its possession of Peru 

 from about the eleventh century of our era ; and as this pe- 

 riod corresponds with the epoch of the migration from Mexico 

 of the Toltecas, the most civilized nation of ancient Mexico, 

 Dr Morton concurs in the opinion expressed by other authors, 

 that the modern Peruvians were of a common origin with the 

 ancient Mexicans. " The modern Peruvians," says he, " dif- 

 fer little in person from the Indians around them, being of the 

 middling stature, well limbed, and vrith small feet and hands. 

 Their faces are round, their eyes small, black, and rather dis- 

 tant from each other ; their noses are small, the mouth some- 

 what large, and the teeth remarkably fine. Their complexion 

 is a dark brown, and their hair long, black, and rather coarse."' 

 P. 115. The civilization and comparative refinement of the 

 Incas was blended with some remains of the ferocity of the 

 savage. " Matrimonial engagements were entered into with 

 very little ceremony or forethought, and they were as readily 

 set aside at the option of the parties. Polygamy was lawful 

 but not prevalent." Among the people, incontinence, sen- 

 suality, and child-murder were common. Their diet was 

 chiefly vegetables. The people were indolent, filthy, and neg- 

 ligent in their persons. The hair of their mummies, in many 

 instances, is charged with desiccated vermin. Their religious 

 system was marked by great simplicity, and was divested of 

 those bloody rites which were common with the Aztecs of 

 Mexico. They believed in one God, whom they called Vira- 

 cocha, in the immortality of the soul, and in rewards and pun- 

 ishments in the next life. They worshipped both the sun and 

 moon, in whose honour they erected temples and formed idols. 

 They consecrated virgins, in the same manner as practised in 



