150 Prof. Schouw on the Climate of Europe and Africa. 



reach of an inhabitant of a country, escapes a traveller, espe- 

 cially when he is exploring a very large country, and cannot 

 remain a sufficient time at each station. But the author 

 hopes for an equitable and indulgent judgment ; and he flat- 

 ters himself that the scientific men of Italy will receive the 

 work with the same kindness that they shewed to the author 

 himself. A great part of the work belongs, of right, to Italy, 

 for it could not have been written without the numerous ob- 

 servations and researches of Italian sa'nans, and without their 

 kindness.* 



.0/i the Climate of the portions of Europe and Africa which 

 are situated between the Equator and 60° North Latitude: 

 By Professor Schouw. 



1. Thermographical Conclusions. 



1. At the level of the sea the mean temperature of the year 

 in Europe and Africa, between the equator and 60° N., varies 

 from 81°.5 to 32° F. 



2. The isothermal lines are the most separated (that is the 

 temperature diminishes the most slowly) between the equator 

 and latitude 25° N. ; between 30-° and 45° they approach one 

 another more ; and in a higher latitude the intervals again 

 become more considerable. 



3. In advancing from west to east in the above-mentioned 

 part of the globe, the isothermal lines have equatorial inflexions 

 but these inflexions become more considerable as the Polar 

 Circle is approached. The most northern point (the polar 

 summit) in the curve of the isothermal lines between 32° and 

 59° F. is on the coasts of the Atlantic ; and this point in the 

 lines of more elevated temperatures is situated more to the 

 east (on the shore of the Mediterranean between Spain and 

 Italy, and in the interior of Africa). 



* This notice forms the introduction to the 1st volume of this valuable 

 and important publication. The title is ; Tableau du Climat et de la Vege- 

 tation de V Italic, par J. F. Schouw, Profcsseur de Botanique a VUnivergite de 

 Copaihague. Copenhague, 1839. — Editor. ' 



