Lieut. Newbold on the Beryl Mine of Paddioor. 243 



nests, rarely in direction with the laminae of the rock. The 

 quartz and felspar, where they meet with a large nest of mica, 

 usually lose their laminar structure, becoming confused and 

 lumpy. The felspar and cleavlandite is both white and trans- 

 lucent, and opaque and reddish ; the latter is often crossed by 

 microscopic fissures, inclined at a great angle to the axis of the 

 prism. Ghunpore, in the Nizam's dominions, is the only other 

 locality in India where I have met with this fibrous rock ; it 

 was there also associated with gneiss and granite. The cleav- 

 landite often occur in large masses, with small cavities partly 

 formed by the decomposition of the rock, and partly by the 

 intersection of the longer and more distinct crystals of the 

 cleavlandite ; it is in this gangue, and in these cavities, that 

 the Beryl, or aquamarine, is almost invariably found, in long 

 deeply striated hexahedral prisms, with small crystals of quartz. 

 The whole of the rock, composing the dyke, is divided by 

 seams, almost horizontal, intersected by fissures, thus dividing it 

 into cuboidal masses. Many of the seams are filled by a whitish 

 earthy incrustation of carbonate of lime, that has a tendency 

 to collect in nodules. The larger calcareous veins attenuate 

 as they ascend in the rock, and appear to have penetrated it 

 from below, rather than to have been deposited from above. 

 On reaching the surface, which it often overspreads, in beds 

 of great extent, underlying the present soil, it assumes a closer 

 texture, with a nodular or pisiform surface, the interior having 

 a spheroidal structure, not unfrequently assimilating that of 

 the travertine of San FiUppo. It has been deposited, no doubt, 

 by springs of water ascending through the subjacent strata, 

 charged with carbonic acid, and holding lime in solution. 



Small springs are still observed percolating upwards through 

 the fissures of the rock ; and, as they trickle over its surface, 

 depositing a thin black crust composed of carbon, a little iron, 

 calcareous and saline matter ; the latter contained both the 

 muriate and sulphate of soda; which salts, and nitrate of 

 potass, exist abundantly in the soil of the adjacent district. 

 The water at the bottom of the mine is sufficiently pure for 

 irrigation and the purposes of life. 



There are marks of other excavations in this vicinity, and 

 in the same bed. The natives, however, assert their perfect 



