392 Intelligence and Miscellaneous Articles. 



mation of muriatic acid diminishes, the liquor becomes yellow, on 

 account of the chlorine which it holds in solution : this, however, 

 is expelled by boiling. If the liquor be made to boil while the 

 current of gas is still passing through it, and if no disengagement 

 of muriatic acid is observed to occur, the new compound is then 

 pure, — it is the chloride of benzoyle. This chloride is as limpid as 

 water. Its density is 1'196. Its odour is peculiar, extremely pene- 

 trating, affecting the eyes strongly, like horseradish. Its boiling 

 point is very high. It is inflammable, and burns with a sooty flame 

 of a greenish colour. 



It sinks in water without dissolving ; after long boiling in it it 

 decomposes entirely, and gives crystallized benzoic acid and mu- 

 riatic acid. By exposure to moist air it suffers similar decomposi- 

 tion. When chlorine gas is passed into a mixture of hydruret of 

 benzoyle and water, the oil disappears, and crystallized benzoic 

 acid is formed. 



Chloride of benzoyle may be distilled over barytes or lime with- 

 out undergoing any alteration: when heated with an alkali and 

 water, this chloride immediately gives a metallic chloride and ben- 

 zoate of potash. 



In all these decompositions, benzoic and muriatic acids are the 

 only substances formed. Hydruret of benzoyle is composed of 

 (H'C+10H-f-2O) + 2H ; by the action of chlorine the 2 atoms 

 of hydrogen combine with 2 atoms of chlorine, and give muriatic 

 acid, which is lost. But this hydrogen is replaced by 2 atoms of 

 chlorine, according to the following formula (14 C-f- 10 H-f 20) 

 -f-2 CI. This composition was proved by analysis. 



Chloride of benzoyle when heated dissolves phosphorus and sul- 

 phur, which separate in crystals on cooling: it mixes in all propor- 

 tions with sulphuret of carbon, and appears neither to occasion nor 

 to suffer decomposition. When put into contact with solid chloride 

 of phosphorus it becomes very hot, and there are produced, liquid 

 chloride of phosphorus, and an oily substance of a penetrating 

 odour, which was not particularly examined. 

 [To be continued.] 



ON THE THERMO-MAGNETISM OF SINGLE TIECES OF METAL, 

 AND ON THE ELECTRO-DECOMPOSITION OF METALLIC SOLU- 

 TIONS. BY. MR. STURGEON. 



In the detail of my experiments on the thermo-magnetism of simple 

 metals, published in the Philosophical Magazine and Annals of Phi- 

 losophy, vol. x., I observed, that I had some reason for supposing that 

 as the heat in a crystalline group meets with more obstruction in 

 passing in one direction than in the other, this difference in its pro- 

 gress was probably the sole cause of the electric currents constantly 

 observing an uniform direction with regard to the point of heat. The 

 experiments which led to this supposition, I remarked, could not be 

 detailed with propriety in that place. The reason was, that as those 

 metals, (antimony and bismuth I was then speaking of,) when pure, 



