BLATTOIDBA. 95 



egg-capsule. Cerci are present, and Sellards has identified lung ovipositors, 

 though this identification is not accepted by Handlirsch. 



The habits of Carboniferous Blattoids can only be inferred from those of living- 

 forms. I have previously (p. 11) drawn attention to the occurrence of Blattoid 

 wings among the leaves of CorJuiti** bearing numerous shells of the small annelid, 

 Spirorbis iJttsilhis, and suggested that the Blattoids frequented decaying vegetation 

 to feed on the N//'/v//7i/'x and similar organisms. 



The tegmina of 'r/ii//nun/l<irrix mantidioides occur among masses of the spat 

 ("Aneylns riiif-ii" 1 ) of Aiiflinn'oiiii/a i>hiHip*ii in coal shales of the Durham Coalfield. 

 Most of the other Blattoid remains from the Coal Measures of this country have 

 been found in sedimentary deposits in which Ustracods also occur. Apart from 

 these facts, the general faimal associations of fossil insects to which I drew attention 

 on pp. 18 24 are, I think, of great importance, as furnishing definite clues to habits. 

 The same Arthropod-association still persists, and the lagunal and marshy phases 

 of the Coal Measures would furnish a fitting and desirable environment for the 

 whole series. 



l''ltxx!jii_-<itioii. The classification of the Carboniferous Blattoids is difficult, 

 owing to lack of material. The known British forms are few in number, and 

 have been found in several coalfields at horizons which cannot be correlated with 

 each other or placed in a regular sequence. 



Scnddor's classification does not sufficiently take into account the relationship 

 which undoubtedly exists between the Blattoids and the Palteodictyoptera, and it 

 is based mainly on a knowledge of living forms. For this reason, probably, the 

 Mylacrida? are placed as the first tribe in his group " Palseoblattariae," in 

 preference to the Archimylacridae, in Avhich a Palreodictyopteroid relationship is 

 more clearly evident. 



Handlirsch's classification gives greater attention to the ancestral type, and is 

 also based on an examination of more numerous specimens than were accessible to 

 Scudder. It is far from satisfactory, and will certainly be much modified when 

 the collection of several thousand Blattoid remains from Connnentry is fully 

 worked out by Prof. Meunier, whose results are not yet published. Lameere's 

 general classification ('Bull. Alus. Hist. Naturelle,' 1017, no. 1 ) is too uncertain 

 to justify adoption. 



Dr. P. Pruvost, who has given several years to a close study of the fossil 

 Blattoids of the French and Belgian Coalfields, has modified Handlirsch's classifica- 

 tion, and in his latest memoir (1020) he classifies the Blattoidea of Northern 

 France as follows : 



BLATTOIDEA. 



Family ARCHIMYLA.CRIDJE. 



Geiiera ActlitMatta, Manoblatta, Afrlihui/Jacria, Atemfillttttit, PJiyloblatta, '//(/ 

 Arclissotiphe, TSurroigilhittn, and MesltoMatta. 



