NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF EAST LOTHIAN ANB BERWICKSHIRE. 173 



of fish bj artificial heat is practised in any other country but China. 

 Martyn^ in his "China," says the fishermen collect with care, on the margin 

 and surface of the water, all the gelatinous matter that contains spawn of 

 fish, which is then placed in an egg-shell, which has been freshly emptied 

 through a small hole, which is then stopped, and the shell is placed under 

 a sitting fowl. In a few days the Chinese break the shell in warm water, 

 warmed by the sun; the young fish are then placed in water, until they are 

 large enough to be placed in a pond. 



The Lapwing. — When this bird wants to procure food, it seeks a spot 

 likely to abound with worms, and commences stamping the ground with its 

 feet, slender as they are: the worms are alarmed at the sound, and endeavour 

 to make their escape by coming to the surface, when they are immediately 

 seized, and become the easy prey of their cunning enemy, the beautiful Lapwing. 



Vitality of Fish. — Some fish die almost immediately they are taken out of 

 the water, for instance Mackerel, and the Herring, while others, as the Eel, 

 Plaice, Skate, Carp, and various other species, will live for many hours after 

 being brought to land. Perch have been known to survive a journey of 

 sixty miles per coach, not per rail, packed in straw; and Carp can be fattened 

 when placed in damp moss in cellars, if occasionally dipped in water; so also 

 the Turbut: others, again, sufier the most dreadful mutilations, as the Eel, 

 the Shark, and the Dog-fish, without being speedily killed. 



Merriotl, near llmhister, Somersetshire. 



NOTES ILLUSTRATIVE OF 



THE GEOLOGY OF PxVRT OF THE SHORES OF 



EAST LOTHIAN AND BERWICKSHIRE. 



BY JAMES P. FRASEIl, ESQ. 

 Head before the Natural History Society of Glasgow, on April 6th., 1852. 



On the 2Gth. day of February I had the pleasure of accompanying my 

 friends Messrs. Robert Gray and T. Ferguson on an excursion to Dunbar 

 and its neighbourhood, when I seized the opportunity of making a few 

 geological notes in addition to those I made on a former visit in July last. 

 These I have much pleasure in laying before the Society; but as Mr. W. 

 Ferguson has already written a paper upon the geology of part of this shore, 

 which was read before the Philosophical Society last session, and printed in 

 '^The Naturalist," I will avoid what he has done, and take up what he 

 had not time to examine. 



In commencing, then, I will begin with general features, and descend 

 afterwards to minute details. The surface of the country in this district is 

 extremely diversified, though not mountainous. The principal rising grounds 

 arc the Lammermuir Hills, consisting chiefly of uptilted Silurian strata, upon 



