134 REVIEWS. 



the Continent, in the months of July, August, and September, but also in October, November, 

 and Docember. To" this assertion I defy contradiction, and should only say to any one who 

 did so, that he has a great deal to learn in the study of entomology. You may make whatever 

 use you please of this, — Bombyx Atlas, in a letter to the Editor; Tottenham, October llth., 1851, 



On attackiuff of Pttpcc by Ichneumon Flies. — That the pupsx) of insects are sometimes attacked 

 by Ichneumons, when opportunity presents, as in the case mentioned by your able correspondent 

 in "The Naturalist," vol. ii. p. 58, cannot, I think, be denied; yet I do not remember ever having 

 seen any other modus operandi recorded, than by the laying of the egg in the larva by the 

 ovipositor of the parent fly. But in a case I lately met with, there are very strong proofs 

 that this method is not the only one resorted to, but that the chrysalis is sometimes destroyed 

 by the parasitic larva eating its way through the co(;oon, and exterior integument of the enclosed 

 Pupa. "While out on an entomological ramble a short time since, I found on a post the chi-ysalis 

 of a motli, which proved to be that of Aeromjcta UumiciSy (The Bramble,) and which, as was 

 evident from its general dry and stiff appearance, I directly perceived to be Ichneumonized. 

 On examining it, I discovered on the outside of the cocoon, which in this instance is formed 

 of longitudinal pieces of dried grass, a small round hole, that had evidently been eaten through 

 by the larva of some insect, and on taking out the chrysalis, in that part of it which lay 

 exactly opposite the hole in the outer case, I found a corresponding one rather smaller; while 

 in the interior, on breaking it open, I exposed to view the pupa of an Ichneumon Fly, which 

 is now rapidly approaching its full state. These are the facts as I found them, and they prove, 

 I think, indisputably that the chrysalis, after its change into that state from the larva, was 

 attacked by the Ichneumon Fly, which, either from its being unable to pierce the covering 

 which enclosed its victim, or from its usual natural habits, had laid its egg on the cocoon, 

 and that on the larva being hatched, it had eaten its way through the covering and outer case 

 of the enclosed chrysalis, and so accomplished its destruction. The holes in question, I must 

 observe, are certainly not caused by the escape of a fly from the inside, as is the case with 

 the parasites of Saturnia Pavonia-minor and others, several of which are often found together 

 in one chrysalis, and which, when fully developed, emerge through a hole they make in the 

 side, as the parasite I here allude to is of a large size, and fills the entire cavity of the 

 chrysalis case. — F. M. Burton, Lindum House, Lincoln, April 20th., 1852. 



Muller's Topknot, (Rhombus hirtus.) — A specimen of this fish was taken at Redcar, on the 

 27th. of April last. Its length was eight inches, and its depth four inches and a half. — 

 Daniel Ferguson, Redcar, April 30th., 1852. 



TJie Misseltoe, (Viscum album.) — At page 154, vol. i. of "The Naturalist," in the interesting 

 article on the ilisseltoe, by Mr. Mc'Intosh, I see he mentions seven instances of this parasite 

 growing on the Lime. Allow me to add another, namely, on one forming a part of a noble 

 avenue in Bramshill Park, Hants, the seat of Sir T. Cope. There is also a large bunch of it on 

 a White Poplar in this immediate neighbourhood, two miles from Glastonbury. — R. E. MouuES> 

 Ashcott, Glastonbury, November 6th., 1851. 



Marsh Marigold, (Caltha palustris.) — A correspondent in your last states that he has never 

 found this plant in flower later than May. I have gathered it on the banks of tlie River Ouse, 

 in Bedfordshire, as late as the latter end of September. — S. Arthur Sewell, Stamford Hill, 

 February 14th., 1852. 



iUoifuiB. 



Flora Totlonieiisis ; A Catalogue of the Flowering Plaids and Ferns growing 

 toild in the vicinity of Totnes. By S. H.vnnafoud^ Jun. London: Longman. 

 p. p. 38. 



The value of local Floras or Faunas is perhaps only duly appreciated by 

 those who write on cither subject generally j for instance^ no general Flora of 



