Sept. 1. 1855.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



175 



purporting to give the exact figure and dimen- 

 sions of the lateral wound of Christ. The figure 

 is exactly the same as the symbolical vesica piscis. 

 Some of your learned readers may know whether 

 there is any other correspondence between the 

 spear-wound and the symbol besides identity of 

 figure. T. K. 



Bristol. 



Culver (Yol. xii., p. 105.). — Culfre, culefre, or 

 culufre, means a dove in Anglo-Saxon ; and the 

 word culver is given in modern dictionaries with 

 the same meaning. From the dove's timidity 

 came the medijeval culvertagium, and our word 

 " cowardice." J. Eastwoob. 



Barnard (Vol. xii., p. 45.). — Edward Barnard, 

 Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, B.A. 

 1738, M.A. 1742, B.D. 1750, D.D. 1756, head 

 master of Eton School, 17 — , which he resigned 

 on becoming provost, Oct. 21, 1765 ; he had also 

 a canonry of Windsor, and was rector of Paul's 

 Cray, Kent. He died Dec. 2, 1801. E. W. O. 



Camberwell. 



John Raymond of Fairford, co. Gloucester 

 (Yol. xii., p. 28.). — Bigland tells us that John 

 Lambe, Esq., died s. p. 1761. His widow de- 

 parted this life in 1789, and bequeathed Fairford 

 and other estates to John Raymond, Esq., who 

 assumed the name and arms of Barker. It is 

 therefore reasonable to conclude that Mrs. Lambe 

 did not marry the second time, and consequently 

 did not leave any descendants. W. A. 



Times prohibiting Marriage (Yol. xi., p. 301 . &c.) . 

 — I have a note to the effect that the ibllowing is 

 entered in the register of the church of St. Mary, 

 Beverley, with the date " November 25, 1641," 

 but I have no reference to the authority. 



" When Advent comes do thou refraine, 

 Till Hillary set ye free againe. 

 Next Septuagessima saith the nay, 

 But when Lowe Sunday comes thou may. 

 Yet at Rogation thou must tarrie, 

 Till Trinitie shall bid the marry." 



A. H. 

 Stoke Newington. 



Butensiana (Yol. vi., pp. 292. 376. 425. 466. : 

 Yol. vii., pp. 26. 390. 559.). — Notices of Dutens 

 are to be found in the Gentleman's Magazine for 

 1812, part 1. p. 587., part 2. p. 197. ; and a long 

 biographical memoir, extending from p. 391. to 

 p. 397., is given in the same volume. O. S. (1) 



•' Oderunt peccare" Sfc. (Yol. xii., p. 87-). — In 

 Orellius' Horace, 1843, I find the following men- 

 tion of the line which F. inquires after : 



" Post v. 52. Schmidii Cod. primus inserit hunc : Ode- 

 runt peccare. mali,formidine pance." 



F. M. MiDDLETON. 



No. 305.] 



Absorbent Paper (Yol. xii., pp. 87. 133.). — The 

 proposed question is really so important to the 

 makers of marginal notes, that I cannot refrain 

 from repeating it. I thank F. C. H. for his advice, 

 but I had already tried the solution of alum with 

 little or no good effect. I had also tried a solution 

 of gum-water ; but when the gummed ink was so 

 thick as not to run on the paper, it would not run 

 from the pen. I also tried washing the paper 

 with a solution of gum, and also with milk, but 

 with no better success. Luke Limner's sugges- 

 tion o? & pencil of course is familiar to us all; but 

 he adds something that, if explained, will be more 

 to the purpose. He says, " Books may be easily 

 sized prior to binding ;" but, if that be so, a page 

 or a portion of a page of a bound book may be 

 equally sized. But the question is, What size 

 should be applied ? C. 



It is well known that the albumen with which any 

 books have been sized, in the course of time (es- 

 pecially if they have been visited by damp) be- 

 comes altered in composition ; I therefore suggest 

 that Luke Limner's plan of marking books with 

 a pencil be adopted, and for these reasons : After 

 the writing is finished, it can be fixed with milk, 

 and will remain perfect many years in a dry 

 place. It does not disfigure the book, and both 

 lead and milk being on the surface, they can be 

 erased at any time with a sharp knife, but the 

 lead can never be destroyed by fire. I have some 

 writing in pencil by me, as distinct as when 

 written more than ten years ago. The milk 

 should be dabbed on with a sponge, otherwise the 

 lead will be rubbed off, and this will make the 

 writing less clear, and give the book a dirty ap- 

 pearance. The plan has also this advantage ; 

 notes written anywhere can be fixed anywhere 

 where milk is to be had, — a desideratum for tra- 

 vellers. Avon Lea. 



''Flass'' and " Peth" (Yol. xi., pp. 425. 495. ; 

 Yol. xii., p. 112.). — As to the etymology of peth, 

 I agree with Mr. T. J. Buckton that it means 

 " path," and that its origin lies in the Sanscrit ; 

 that is, that it varies little from the form, and 

 nothing in the meaning which it had in the earliest 

 known language. The use of it is common in 

 giving names to places such as Brauncepeth 

 (Brian's path), in the county of Durham, Cock- 

 burnspath (Colbrand's path), at the north-eastern 

 extremity of Berwickshire. 



With regard to fiass, however, I am forced to 

 dissent from the etymologies, both of Mr. Buckton 

 and of Ceyrep. Yery often the names of places, 

 particularly when they are of Celtic origin, are 

 descriptive of the places themselves ; but if fiass 

 be supposed to describe " a valley," or ground ad- 

 joining or connected in any way with water, then 

 it is totally inapplicable, as a descriptive name, to 

 the Fiass in Berwickshire, which I mentioned ia a 



