232 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[Sept. 22. 1855. 



by Jornandes. These are the same Werrini, 

 whose laws were in the eighth century the same 

 as those of the English and Frisians, and to whom 

 together he [?] c(mfirraed those laws as the laws 

 of the Angli, Werrini et Frisii. These are the 

 same Varegues, Waraeger, Buodyyoi, Bipdyyoi, or 

 Varangians, who founded the Russian empire, 

 again in association with their kinsmen, the En- 

 glish, as is recited in the beginning of the Chronicle 

 of Nestor, where he says the Slavonians sought a 

 prince " among the Warrings, who are called 

 Warring Russians, as others, that is Warrings, are 

 named Swedes, Northmen, English, and other 

 folks." 



The casual evidence of Waringwich, gives posi- 

 tiveness to the natural presumption that the 

 Varini, as well as the Frisii, and eTuti, and Saxones, 

 must have shared with the English in the invasion 

 of Britain. The intercourse of this people with 

 the princes of East Anglia is likewise traced. We 

 find them with the English establishing the Rus- 

 sian empire, and giving to it Anglo-Saxon laws, 

 and the trial by jury. In their native daring 

 they assailed the Black Sea, Byzantium, Hun- 

 gary, and the Caspian. It was this Russia which 

 became the refuge of the Anglo-Saxons on the 

 Norman invasion ; and at length the relics of the 

 nation, finding their princes had become Slavonian 

 in habits and sympathies, emigrated to Byzantium, 

 and became the Varangian guard of the em- 

 perors. 



This is a section of history well worthy of the 

 historical student, and which has claims on the 

 sympathy of Englishmen. Htde Clarke. 



PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. 



Deepening Collodion Negatives. — By the following 

 method I find that the intensitj- of a collodion negative 

 may be increased to any extent that may be desired. 



Having fixed the picture with a solution of cyanide of 

 potassium (two grains of the cyanide to the ounce of 

 water), and well washed it with water, pour over it a 

 weak solution of chloride of gold. This will darken it 

 considerably, the darkness being due to a deposit, not of 

 oxide of gold upon it, as stated by Messrs. W. E. and F. 

 Newton in the London Photographic Journal (Vol. i. 

 p. lot.), but of pure metallic gold. Now metallic gold 

 possesses the property- of attracting to itself the particles 

 of silver as they are precipitated from solution by pyro- 

 gallic acid, as may be proved by dropping a piece of gold 

 foil into such a solution, when it will be found to receive 

 a white coating of silver. Accordingly by pouring over 

 the picture a solution of pyrogallic acid, to which a few 

 drops of a solution of nitrate of silver have been added, 

 its intensity is further increased by the deposition of me- 

 tallic silver upon it, and may obviously be still further 

 increased by a second application of the gold solution. 

 In fact, by alternately pouring over it the gold and the 

 pyrogallic solution, taking care to wash the plate after 

 each application, the intensity of the negative may be 

 increased indefinitely. 



I recommend the use of a solution of cyanide of po- 



No. 308.] 



tassium to fix the picture, as stains are likely to be pro- 

 duced if " hypo " is used for that purpose. 



The pyrogallic solution may be of the ordinary strength 

 and acidity used for the development of negatives. 



J. Leaciiman. 



3Siepliti ta Minav €ixitviti. 



Opinion of an English Bishop on mixed Mar- 

 riages (Vol. xii., p. 206.). — The bishop consulted 

 was Watson of Llandaff ; the lady consulting Miss 

 Button; the gentleman she married on his ad- 

 vice Prince Bariatinski, a Russian of the Greek 

 Church. The correspondence may be seen in the 

 Anecdotes of the Life of Bishop Watson, p. 412., 

 published soon after his death, and at the time 

 much sought after and read. R. L. 



Baijs " History of the Rebellion of 1745 " 

 (Vol. xii., p. 95.). — My copy of this curious volume 

 was printed at Bristol by S. & F. Farley, in Castle 

 Green, 1750. As the book is but little known 

 now (probably from being printed at a provincial 

 press), I subjoin what the author, James Ray, of 

 Whitehaven, says of himself, being the best reply 

 to B. H. C.'s inquiry : 



" Thus I have brought my history down from the first 

 contrivance of the rebellion abroad to the death of the 

 last person who suffered for it, without partiality, and 

 with all the clearness, candour, and exactness in my 

 power, as well from the best informations I could procure, 

 as my own observations, and I may venture to say that 

 no man in Britain in a private station had so great a 

 share in the fatigue. I was likewise a volunteer in 1715, 

 although but fifteen years of age, and rode in one of the 

 king's troops, so that I have been concerned in driving 

 out both the popish Pretender and his son, and now con- 

 clude with a hearty wish that nothing of the like kind 

 may happen for the future," &c. — Pp. 439, 440. 



E. D. 



Bible Epigram (Vol. xii., p. 143.). —The fol- 

 lowing prescription is copied from the fly-leaf of 

 an antique Bible in the bedroom of an old manor- 

 house in East Gloucestershire : 



" Prescription. 



" Please to take three of these {souT) pills night and 

 morning, for Mrs. Mary Chase." 



" ' Such was the wit that in our grandsires' days 

 Shrouded the sage advice of reverend men : 

 If it did good, to God give all the praise, 

 And let our pious grandsons say. Amen ! ' 

 « Quoth F.S.A., 1834." 



E.D. 



The Chinese Revolution and Masonry (Vol. xi., 

 p. 280.). — Under this head you have permitted 

 W. W. of Malta to quote the authority of the 

 M. W. G. M. for Ohio, and to Show from it that 

 the " Triads " are " a masonic fraternity in the 

 celestial empire." I am very unwilling to let such 

 a notion go forth unrefuted. 



The Triad Society, or San Hop Hwui, has no 



