300 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[Oct. 20. 1855. 



Junius added to his reply to Draper (No. 5.) a 

 "P.S.," to the efFect that "Titus deserves an 

 answer, and shall have a compleat one." Junius 

 did not keep his promise, and therefore ordered 

 the "P.S." to be struck out when the edition of 

 1772 was preparing for publication. (See Private 

 Letter, No. 44.) This fact was mentioned by Dr. 

 Good in a note on Draper's letter (No. 4.), and, 

 for reasons given, he there, in note on No. 4., re- 

 published the letter of Titus. On this hint, Mr. 

 Bohn's editor restored the "P.S." to Junius's 

 reply (No. 5.), but added his condensed note, 

 when he chanced to find it, to Draper's letter 

 (No. 4.) ! " The entire letter " to which he refers, 

 was the letter of Titus, about which, of course, 

 there is not one word in Draper's letter. Had his 

 three lines been added as a note on Junius's "P S." 

 to No. 5., they might have been intelligible, and 

 would only have been untrue, as neither " the 

 entire letter," nor any part of the letter, is " given 

 In the appendix." B. J. 



PORSENA AND THE CLUSIAN DYNASTY AT ROME. 



(^Continued from p. 239.) 



I now place before the readers of " N. & Q." 

 some observations tending further to confirm and 

 illustrate my view that Rome was ruled by a 

 Clusian dynasty adverse to the Tarquinian, of 

 which dynasty Porsena was the second king. 



According to the tradition followed by Livy 

 and Dionysius, Servius, the first Clusian King of 

 Rome, was of Latin origin, being born at Corni- 

 culum, and the son of a certain Ocrisia. This is 

 contrary to the Etruscan, and no doubt the true 

 account, which makes him an Etrurian, and I 

 fancy I can show how it originated. There was 

 a city called Ocriculum in the vicinity of Clusium, 

 and Servius, who was a Clusian, was probably 

 mentioned by some writer as connected with that 

 place. We may hazard the conjecture that he 

 was said to have been born there, although what 

 that connexion was, cannot now with certainty 

 be known. The historians of Rome split this into 

 two, making of it that Servius was born at Cor- 

 niculum, and that his mother's name was Ocrisia. 

 This seems to be tolerably certain, for the two 

 names, Ocrisia and Corniculum, are evidently 

 formed from Ocriculum, Thus although the 

 Roman tradition seems at first sight to militate 

 with my view, it may be not only reconciled to it, 

 but made to supply something like a confirmation 

 to its truth. 



Now, as Servius was a Clusian, it may be 

 asked, how came a Clusian to be King of Rome ? 

 The answer is easy, Dionysius represents a league 

 of several Etrurian states as having been formed 

 against Tarquinius Prisons. Clusium is men- 

 tioned as having been one, and it is generally be- 

 No. 312.] ° ' '-J 



lieved that it was at that time at the head of the 

 twelve states of Etruria, If so, it necessarily 

 follows that a Clusian would have commanded the 

 army of the league. I am convinced that Servius, 

 the son of the lars of Clusium, was the commander, 

 and that he conquered Rome and made himself 

 king. Just in the same way Sextus, tlie son of 

 Tarquin II., reduced Gabii for his father, and was 

 made king. This war of the Etrurians against 

 Tarquin I., is an exact parallel to the war of 

 Porsena against Tarquin II. 



It is little more than following up the state- 

 ments of our authorities to their natui-al conse- 

 quence, when I transfer the expedition of Porsena 

 to the time of Tarquin, instead of representing it 

 as occurring after his expulsion. They always 

 synchronise this war with the very beginning of 

 the republic. Rome was certainly then as power- 

 ful as it was at the time when Livy believes 

 that it would have successfully resisted Alex- 

 ander if he had invaded Italy. The lars of 

 Clusium must therefore have been for a long time 

 (several years) engaged in preparing his expedi- 

 tion ; it necessarily follows then, that he was doing 

 so while Tarquin was reigning without opposition 

 at Rome. And for what purpose, if not to make 

 war on the Tarquins ? If we admit, as we must, 

 that Porsena prepared for war with Rome while 

 Tarquin was on the throne, why should he not 

 have gone a step farther, and have made war with 

 it at the same time ? 



But we are not reduced to have to support our 

 proposition that Tarquin and Porsena were ene- 

 mies by inferences only, for we have decisive evi- 

 dence that they were so in Livy ii. 14. 21. 34. 

 Aristodemus there appears as the staunch friend 

 of Tarquin, and yet (for he commanded the 

 Cumean auxiliaries, mentioned ii. 14.) gives 

 that assistance to the Aricians which enabled 

 them to defeat and kill the son of Porsena. Ma- 

 milius, the son-in-law of Tarquin, also assisted 

 the Aricians in the same war. When we see 

 Tarquin's best friends — they who hazarded their 

 own position to reseat him on his father's throne 

 — enemies of Porsena, who will say that they 

 themselves were not enemies ? 



I will add a conjecture which, if just, will throw 

 some farther light on this obscure subject. A 

 certain Attus Clausus is said to have come to 

 Rome with 5000 clients in the first year of the 

 republic. Our authorities call him a Sabine, and 

 the reason given for his emigration is, that he dis- 

 approved of the conduct of his countrymen in 

 making war with Rome. This war is now ad- 

 mitted on all hands to be unhistorical, and this 

 derivation of the Claudian family falls of course 

 to the ground with it. We must thereforejbring 

 Clausus from some other quarter, and I conjec- 

 ture that he came to Rome with Porsena. His 

 name Clausus certainly comes from Clusium 



