Dec. 29. 1855.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



517 



from curling over), turned over, and laid on the glass 

 vrlth its smooth side uppermost, care being taken that no 

 air-bubbles remain underneath. The collodion is then 

 poured on and drained from one corner in the usual way. 

 It is now ready for the bath of nitrate of silver, which 

 consists simply of a flat dish, having a chamber at one 

 end to contain tiie liquid when not in use. The collo- 

 dionised film is floated on this for the requisite time, lifted 

 off with tweezers by one end, drained, and carefullj' laid 

 on the concave sheet, which should previously have at- 

 tached to it a wet sheet of fine black paper. By this 

 means, if the operation is neatly performed, the sensitised 

 film of gutta percha will adhere closely to the wet paper 

 for any requisite length of time. The concave plate, with 

 its sensitive film attached, is then placed in the dark slide 

 and transferred to the camera. 



On removal from the camera, the film is taken up by 

 the tweezers, with the black paper still attached, and laid 

 horizontally on a sheet of glass of equal size, the develop- 

 ing solution poured on in the usual way. When fully 

 developed, a stream of water is poured over the picture 

 still lying on the glass, and the fixing solution applied in 

 a similar manner. After the final washing, the picture is 

 laid on a sheet of cardboard sufficiently thick to prevent 

 it from sinking in tlie middle, and having a raised mar- 

 gin ; by which contrivance any immber of pictures may 

 be laid one over another without contact or risk of injury 

 until they can conveniently be secured and mounted for 

 printing. 



In describing this modification of the collodion process, 

 I have not thought it necessary to notice all the precau- 

 tions to be attended to in the manipulation, as they will 

 readily occur to such as have practised the process on 

 glass, or will be found in descriptions of the process al- 

 ready published. 



With regard to the advantages of the method above 

 described, I conceive that, whatever the process adopted, 

 the concave surface will be acknowledged as an improve- 

 ment on the flat one. The uniform focus over the whole 

 field enables us to obtain a given sized picture with a 

 smaller and less expensive lens ; or, on the other hand, a 

 larger picture with a given sized lens. The smaller lens 

 has a shorter focus, lessening the length of the camera ; 

 the shorter focus lessens the time of exposure. As applied 

 to the paper processes, even those in which the paper is 

 used dry, the additional trouble in manipulation is com- 

 paratively trifling, and in those where the paper is used 

 wet, there need not be either more trouble or more appa- 

 ratus than is now practised. But in the case of the col- 

 lodion process, while the manipulation is 'only slightly 

 varied, and not rendered in the least degree more com- 

 plicated, the quantity of apparatus is at the same time 

 considerably diminished, as all vertical baths and dippers 

 are entirely dispensed with, only one flat dish (for the 

 nitrate bath) being necessary ; and instead of the stock 

 of glass plates, which now add so much to the weight of a 

 collodion outfit for even a single day's use, all that will 

 be necessary by the proposed method is one sheet of glass, 

 and a stock of gutta percha films preserved between paper 

 in a folio. 



I should state that the process is not yet in any respect 

 thoroughly matured ; but having satisfactorily established 

 the cori-ectness of the principle, it appeared to me better 

 not to delay making it known, in order that more expe- 

 rienced practitioners may, if they think proper, turn their 

 attention to the subject, and thus tend to bring the pro- 

 cess to a higher degree of efficiency than I can hope to do. 



Henry Bowman. 



No. 322.] 



HepKc^ t0 ^(nor ^utviei. 



What are lue to do with our Pamphlets ? 

 (Vol. xii., pp. 263. 307.). — As I arrange my 

 sermons, so I arrange my pamphlets, and as a 

 proof of the simplicity of the arrangement, I would 

 mention that a few Sundays ago, just as I was 

 leaving my house for the church, and within five 

 minutes of the service time, I was requested by a 

 parishioner to publish a " Si Quis." I imme- 

 diately thought it was an opportunity not to be 

 lost for preaching on the 23rd Article of the 

 Church. Knowing that I had a suitable sermon 

 in stock, I at once retreated to my study, turned 

 to my catalogue to find the reference, and then 

 I at once extracted the appropriate discourse, and 

 was in the reading pew in due time ! 



My manner is to arrange in piles or bundles of 

 twenty-five, — the sermons in pigeon-holes, the 

 pamphlets in bundles, tied round latitudinally, — 

 each one is marked, at the upper left hand corner, 

 not numerically but alphabetically, viz., A to Z, 

 the next A a to A z, Ba to Bz, &c., and so on to 

 any extent. These are all entered in a catalogue 

 as they accrue, and every pamphlet I mark as 

 soon as it is read or done with, and so at any time 

 when put away it finds its way into its own proper 

 bundle. These may be put away on shelves, 

 taking care to attach to each a label to hang down 

 outside (as we used to see books marked on book- 

 sellers' shelves in days gone by), having the al- 

 phabetical reference, whatever it may be, written 

 on in large characters. With the assistance of a 

 catalogue, which is necessary, you may very soon 

 find what you want, and seeing how it is marked, 

 will at once refer to the bundle, and .extract 

 (aye, blindfolded, if you keep your bundles free 

 and in order) what you want. Octavos and 

 twelves would of course be kept separately, and 

 so divinity may be separated from pamphlets of 

 other caste. H. T. Ellacombe. 



Rectory, Clyst St. George. 



General Braddoch. — I am much obliged to 

 Mr. E. S. Taylor for his Note on this subject 

 (Vol. xii., p. 72.), and should be happy to corre- 

 spond as he suggests ; but am uncertain as to his 

 address. Anything relative to the personal his- 

 tory of General B. will have great interest for me. 

 WiNTHBop Sargent. 

 Philadelphia, U. S. 



Curious Painting (Vol. xii., p. 451.). — The 

 name of the artist I cannot pretend to say, but 

 beg to ofier some explanation of the figure. The 

 " ear-guards," described as attached to the papal 

 tiara on the head of the aged man, are no more 

 than the usual form of halo, or glory, found in 

 pictures of the time, and indicating that the per- 

 son represented was a canonised saint. The white 

 vest is the rochet, and the " violet-coloured man- 



