1822.] Causes of Calorific Capacity/, Latent Heat, S^c. 



23 



ANNALS, VOL. IL {New Series.) 



PHiENOMENA 



Developed. 



Mathematical theory of phaenomena con- 

 nected with *' capacity for caloric," in 

 Prop. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and their 

 corollaries. 



33. P. 209.— Usually bodies that ex- 

 pand by heat have greatest baromerin or 

 -'capacity." 



34. P. 210. — Baromerin or capacity of 

 gases and airs usually greater than tliat of 

 solids or fluids ; a general but not univer- 

 tal rule. 



35. P. 258. — During the liquefaction 

 of such solids as ice the temperature is sta- 

 tionary. 



36. Ibid, — If a given weight of a fluid 

 at a given temperature will just liquefy a 

 given weight of a solid in one mass, it will 

 just and no more than do it if the solid be 

 in any number of pieces, or pulverized. 



37. P. 259.— The temperature of ebul- 

 lition in fluids is constant. 



38. Ibid.— The liquefaction of solids 

 and the vaporization of fluids are usually 

 attended with an apparent diminution of 

 temperature ; and vice verm the solidifica- 

 tion of fluids and the condensation of 

 vapours with an apparent increase of tem- 

 perature 



39. P. 260.— During the time of actual 

 solidification, the temperature is constant. 



40. Ibid. — Water may be cooled down 

 below its freezing point without solidify- 

 ing. If shaken, it solidifies in part, and 

 temperature ascends to 32° Fahr. 



41. P. 261.— Water cooled below 32^ 

 Fahr, may be stirred without freezing. 



42. Ibid. — Water with opaque bodies 

 floating in it freezes, if cooled only a few 

 degrees below 32° Fahr. 



43. Ibid. — Water gently cooled below 

 32° Fahr. will not freeze, suddenly cooled 

 will. 



44. Ibid. — Piece of ice thrown into 

 water cooled below 32° Fahr. causes it to 

 freexe. 



Conjlrmed by 



Quotation from Davy's Elements of 

 Chemical Philosophy. 



Crawford and others. 



Do not know who first observed it, but 

 I think it was Fahrenheit. 



I am not acquainted with the original 

 discoverer of this fact. I think it was 

 Black. 



Hooke. 

 Black. 



Black, I believe. 



Mairan,Fahrenheit, Gay-Lussac, Black, 

 Blagden, and Thomson. By the experi- 

 ments of the last, the theory is confirmed 

 numerically, vol. ii, p. 449. 



Blagden. 



Blagden. 



Blagden. 



Blagden. N.B. Neither when writing 

 this part nor since have I had an opportu- 

 nity of examining the circumstances of 

 this phaenomenon attentively. 



When writing this part, a very important phenomenon, the expansion of water as It 

 cools below 40° Fahr. escaped my notice. M. Biot, however, in the Traite de Phy- 

 sique, torn. i. p, 254, has so nearly approached to my ideas on the subject, that were I to 

 describe it I should do very little more than transcribe the explanation he has given. 



45. P. 262. — Rise of temperature in 

 condensation of airs and solidification of 

 fluids ; and diminution of temperature in 

 liquefaction of solids and vaporization of 

 fluids are generally but not necetsarily 

 true. 



Phaenomena expounded in the following 

 pages. 



