lis M. Ch. Martins' Remarks on M. Durochers Memoir 



Loven, arctic species now banished from the icy seas, but 

 which lived in the North Sea at the period when its coasts, 

 by sinking, plunged into the ocean the moraines previously 

 arranged by the diluvian torrents arising from the melting 

 of the glaciers. 



36/, The osars (sandosars of the Swedes). These hills, 

 with such characteristic forms, belong to an epoch very differ- 

 ent from that of the erratic transported formation of which 

 we have spoken ; they are one of the numerous proofs of the 

 immersion and emersion of the Scandinavian coast. MM. 

 Al. Brongniart, Hisinger, and Lyell, have found in them shells 

 now living in the Baltic ( Tellina Baltica, Cardium edule, My- 

 tilis edulis, Littorina crassior, L. littoria, Neretma fluviatilis), 

 at heights varying from 9 to 24 metres above the level of the 

 Gulf of Bothnia. These osars are, therefore, the work of the sea 

 during the period of the immersion of Scandinavia. They are 

 true downs {Bevler of the coasts of Jutland), wdth a stratifica- 

 tion not horizontal, formed by the surge during stormy weather 

 which passed over these ramparts, and deposited in them the 

 pebbles and sand which it raised from the bottom of the sea.* 

 The pebbles composing these osars are never striated ; they 

 could not be so ; for, even if they were striated before, the striaa 

 would have been speedily effaced by the friction to which they 

 were subjected by rolling on the beach. The osars are almost 

 always covered with angular erratic blocks, and the most pro- 

 bable opinion is that which attributes their transport and 

 deposition to rafts of floating ice. Another circumstance still 

 proves the recent origin of osars, namely, that they some- 

 times lie above deposits of peat, the origin of which may be 

 contemporary with that of glaciers, but cannot be posterior to 

 it. Besides this, boats have been found in them, and a house 

 buried to the depth of 19 metres, with charcoal still in the 

 fireplace."!* M. Durocher, therefore, is in error when he ter- 

 minates his memoir by saying (p. 64), " The partisans of the 



* Ueber Geschiebebildungen und Diluvial Schrammen in Danemarck, von 

 G. Forchammer. Annales de Physique do Poggendorf, t. Iviii, p. 609 ; also 

 Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, vol, xxxi., p. 61, 1841. 



t Lyell, On the Proofs of a gradual liising of the Land in certain parts of 

 Sweden. i%?7.Trans., 1835, p. 8. 



