Invertebrata. Zoological Collections, 119 



from that of any other small bodies brought near to the gill ; and had Dr C. 

 known of the remarkable property of the skin, or external covering, so often 

 alluded to, I think it reasonable to presume he would himself have been of this 

 opinion, and would, at the same time, have been saved the necessity of 

 assigning such a strange reason to account for the blood-globules not exhibit- 

 ing their spontaneous motion within the vessels. 



I shall close these remarks by observing, that an analogous appearance, 

 noticed long ago, by Dr Stephen Hales,* in the common mussel, led that 

 philosopher to form an opinion not very different from that of Dr Czermack. 

 He observed, that the globules of blood which escaped on cutting the gills 

 of that animal were attracted to, and repelled from, the cut edge of the gill, 

 and attributed the phenomenon to electricity, with which he conceived the 

 globules were charged. But he did not know of the influence of the gills, 

 which, in the mussel, as well as in all the branchiferous moUusca which 1 

 have hitherto examined, with only one exception, possess a property similar to 

 that which I have already stated to exist in the larva of the frog and 

 salamander I am, &c. ( • -^^ Sharpey. 



^^'^'"'^ ^Si^mj^hioqa b980<iq;ii^^^dj io 90iim«oriqB-nOH ^ifj '^^^^^l^ 



Source o/^m'moZ .KT^tif 7— lyr'Keyrt^Wj'^flo^ ^eries^of researclSes on tie 

 temperature of the human body, detailed in the Annates des Sciences 

 Naturelles, vol. xx. p. 43 etseq. has arrived at the following conclusions : --v 



Animal heat is neither derived from any special source, nor resideut^l^ 

 any particular part, nor emitted by any peculiar mechanism. ^,, 



The oxygen absorbed during the act of respiration, all kinds of food, 

 imbibition of the faiids which constantly come in contact with the body, 

 (for M. Pouillet shews that every solid body becomes heated immediately 

 on being moistened with any liquid,) the friction of the locomotive organs, 

 and, perhaps, principally the particular electrical state of the bodies, which 

 enter into the organism, at the time of their different combinations, are the 

 sources or the causes to which the development of animal heat must be 

 attributed. 



All the organs, and all the assimilations, are the soiu-ces from which it is 

 incessantly given off. ^ ,, f 



The nervous influence, indispensable to the performance of every functiO||* . 

 is the direct cause of its continual emission. , ,j, 



As to frig oricity, or the frigorific faculty which we possess, the cutanedji^:.. 

 and pulmonary transpirations are its true seat, as is proved by the case of the 

 reapers of Pennsylvania, related by Franklin, and as Dr Raynaud frequently 

 observed on himself during his long travels in hot climates. Often when 

 spent with thirst and a burning heat, he has felt himself deliciously refreshed 

 after having drank small portions of warm liquids, having a temperature 

 even equal to that of the body ; and this refreshed feeling, he remarks, was 

 entirely to be attributed to the matter furnished to his transpirations by 

 those draughts. 



The heat of man is nearly the same, whatever may be his age, his tem- 

 perature, his type, or the race to which he belongs ; and whatever may be 

 the nature of his food, as the comparative researches of Dr John Davy 

 prove, from the Priests of Buddha, the Hindoos, eaters of rice, and the 

 Vedas, who live entirely on animal food. 



The temperature of the air respired has very little influence over the 

 temperature of the body, since, in Dr Reynaud's experiments, the greatest 

 difference was 1°.05 in the individual in whom the greatest modifications 

 occurred, and the greatest mean difference was only 0°.68 for 18°73 of 

 elevation in the atmospheric temperature. 



* statical Essays, 2d. edjt. TfiU»- P- ^- 



