Invertebi-ata. Zoological Collectimis, ^5 



Belemnita, Beloptera. 

 Shell partitioned, with a very considerable sheath, more or less conoid, or 

 spear-shaped, or claviform. 



ACTINOCAMAX. BeLOSEPIA, SePIOSTARIUM. 



The sheath composes all the shell ; Shell partitioned,covered with a sheath, 



the partitioned shell has disap- the dorsum of which has a con- 



peared. 'I siderable expansion ; its venter is 



'jrivrn^iffr bent outwards ; the alveolus is 



enlarged and much depressed, and 



the siphon becomes veiy wide. 



LOLIGO. 



Horny rudimentary shell, without 

 partitions. 



Conclusions It is evident from what has been said, that the Belemnites 



belonged to the Cephalopoda, the organization of which was intermediate 

 between the Spirulce and the Sepice. They were consequently swimming 

 mollusca, which could live in the deep sea as well as near the coasts. Hence 

 it follows, that we may find these fossils as well in the soils of littoral 

 formation, as in those which are oceanic ; and that these last will be charac- 

 terized rather by the absence of every species of shell, exclusively littoral, 

 than by the presence of Belemnites, or other fossils which may have belonged 

 to swimming mollusca. 



The position of the shell in the animal must be analogous to that of the 

 Spirula and Sepia, that is to say, the opening, or the base, towards the 

 head ; the summit on the opposite side ; the venter, towards the interior of 

 the animal ; and the dorsum, towards its back. According to this, the 

 natural position is either horizontal, with the base in front, which corres- 

 ponds to the position of the animal when it swims ; or vertical, which 

 corresponds to the position of the animal when it walks at the bottom of the 

 sea. 



Anatomy and Natural History of the Earthworm, (Lumbricus terrestris,' 

 Linn.) By C. F. A. Morren — The University of Gand proposed as a 

 l)rize, at the concours of 1826, the anatomy and natural history of the 

 Lumbricus terrestris of Linnaeus. The memoir of M. Ch. Morren on this 

 subject was approved of by the faculty of sciences. The work forms a 

 volume in quarto of 280 pages, with thirty-two engravings. 



The anatomy of the common earthworm was formerly examined by 

 Willis and Redi, and more lately by MM. Montegre, Cuvier, De Blainville, 

 Spix, Carus, Roth, Leo, and Home. Since the dissertation of M. Morren 

 was deposited in the archives of the university of Gand, there have appeared 

 in France the excellent observations of MM. Leon Bufour, and Duges ; 

 and M. Morren has judiciously added to his book a preface, in which he 

 connects his own labours with those of the French naturalists. 



After having detailed the literary history of the class Annelides, the 

 author gives a summary of all that ancient and modern authors have written 

 on the Lumbricus, its manners, habits, mode of life, and habitation ; the 

 changes produced in it by differences of climate and season ; its food, and 

 the effects exerted on it by different substances ; its geographical distribution ; 

 its culinary and medical uses ; its employment as a bait for fishing, the time 

 of catching it, its phosphorescence, &c. This chapter naturally leads to 

 the varieties of the Lumbrici, or what some modern authors have called 

 species. Far from adopting all those which M. Savigny has established 

 under the generic name of Enterion, M. Morren even doubts if the divisions 

 introduced into the genus by M. Duges should be received. M. Savigny 

 admits twenty species of Enterion, or of I^umbricus ; M. Duges, five only : 



