348 Mr Kingston's Sketch of the 



In the Vertehrated Type, t j-natoj 

 Of the Cartilaginous Fishes we have — 



Petromyzon fluviatilis, entering our rivers eariy in the year, and returning to 



the sea in summer. 

 Squalus, 6 species, occasionally frequenting the coasts, of which the most 



remarkable are S. maximus, S. glaucus, visiting us in the mackarel 



and pilchard season, and S. vulpes. 

 Raia, 5 species. R. Torpedo, R. pastinaca, R. clavata, R. microstella, 



and R. Batis, the common skate. 

 Acipenser Sturio, as an occasional straggler, is found wandering into our 



rivers. 



And, in the different divisions of the Osseous Fishes, 



APODES. 

 Anguilla vulgaris, common in the rivers ; migrating to the sea in the autumn 



to spawn. A. Congor, amongst the rocks on either coast ; growing 



to a large size ; usually caught at night. 

 Ophidium imberbe, on the southern coast. 

 Ammodytes tobianus, common, burrowing in the sands on the coasts. 



JUGULARES. 



Gadus morhua, G. seglefinus, G. molva, all frequent. G. merlangus, in 

 large shoals, chiefly in the spring. G. poUachius, on the rocky parts 

 of the coast. G. merluccius, caught in great abundance, chiefly in 

 summer ; it forms an important article of food for the poor. 



Blennius ocellaris, B. Gattorugine, B. Galerita, all on the southeast coast. 



THORACICI. 

 Pleuronectes maximus and P. Rhombus, both frequent. P. Solea and 



Platessa, both common. P. flesus, at the entrances of the rivers ; a 



leftsided variety is not of unfrequent occurrence. P. Limanda, P. 



Hippoglossus. 

 Mullus Surmulelus. 

 Scomber vulgaris, in large shoals, approaching the shores in the spawning 



season. S. trachurus, common. S. Thynnus, occasionally occurs off 



the coasts. 

 Zeus Faber, frequent. 

 Gasterosteus aculeatus, frequent in several of the rivers and smaller streams ; 



spawns in April. 

 Sparus Pagrus, S. lineatus. 

 Trigla Gurnardus, T. Cuculus, both common. T. lievis, T. lineata, on the 



southern coast. 

 Cottus Gobio, in several of the rivers. C. Scorpius, on the rocky parts of 



the coast. 

 Gobius niger, G. minutus. 

 Cepola rubescens, on the southern coast. 



ABDOMINALES. 



Mugil Cephalus, common. 



Atherina Hepsetus, occasionally in the rivers. 



Cyprinus Brama, C. Leuciscus, C. Rutilus, C. Cephalus, C. Phoxinus ; 

 these occur in the different rivers. 



Clupea Harengus, in large shoals, chiefly on the Devon coast. C. Pilchardus, 

 chiefly on the Cornish coasts ; approaching the shores in summer, 

 and remaining till late in autumn ; the fry of this and the last 

 congregate together on the coast, and enter the mouths of rivers ; 

 they are often thrown, in large quantities, on the beaches, after a 

 gale. Of late years, they have become much less abundant, approach- 

 ing the shores later, and retiring earlier. C. Alosa. 



