Pliocene Epoch. 96 



as may be seen by the indication of localities, on the two 

 basins of Parschlug and (Eningen. 



"The Flora of the Pliocene formations is constituted by Am- 

 phigenous cryptogams, comprehending algae and mushrooms ; 

 by Acrogenous cryptogams, including a muscite, ferns, lyco- 

 podiaceae, and equisitacea3 ; by Monocotyledons, naiades, 

 graminese, cyperacese, and liliacesB ; by Gymnospermous dico- 

 tyledons, coniferse, represented by cupriessinese, abietineae, 

 and taxinese ; finally, by Angiospermous dicotyledons, com- 

 prehending myricese, betulaceae, cupuliferse, ulmaceae, balsa- 

 mifluae, salicineae, laurinese, thymaleae, santalaceae, corneao, 

 myrtaceae, calycanthese, pomacea?, rosaceae, amygdaleae, le- 

 guminosoe, anacardeae, juglandese, rhamnece, celastrinese, 

 sapindacese, acerineae, tiliacese, magnoliacese, capparideae, sa- 

 poteaB, styraceae, oleaceae, ebenaceae, ilicineae, and ericaceae. 



" The Pliocene epoch, considered in relation to Europe, for 

 I have intentionally excluded from the preceding list some 

 fossils of the Antilles referred to these formations, offers as 

 peculiar characters an extreme analogy to the existing Flora 

 of the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere ; I do 

 not say of Europe, for this Pliocene flora comprehends many 

 genera strangers in the present time to Europe, but proper 

 to the vegetation of America or temperate Asia. Such are, 

 if we admit the accuracy of the generic relations established 

 by the botanists to whom these determinations are owing, 

 taxodium, salisburia, comptonia, liquidambar, nyssa, robinia, 

 gleditschia, bauhinia, cassia, acacia, rhus, juglans, ceanothus, 

 celastrus, sapindus, liriodendron, capparis, sideroxylon, ach- 

 ras, and symplocos, all genera foreign to temperate Europe, 

 but in which they have been found in a fossil state, but which, 

 for the most part, still occur in the temperate regions of other 

 parts of the globe. 



" As to other genera still existing in Europe, but which con- 

 tain only a small number of species, we find many more of 

 them in a fossil state ; such are the Erahles, of which 14 

 species are enumerated in this Flora of the Pliocene epoch, 

 and the Oaks, which are 13 in number. It ought to be re- 

 marked, that these species come from two or three very cir- 

 cumscribed localities which, in the present time, probably 



