274 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[2nd s. No 92., Oct. 3. '57. 



Since I made some remarlcs on this subject a 

 few weeks a^o I find a note upon it in a periodical 

 called the Leisure Hour, to the effect that Mr. 

 Hogg in a paper read to the Royal Society of 

 Literature in 1853, stated that it had been a com- 

 mon opinion that the Ultima Thule of the Romans 

 was Iceland, but that he considered this rested 

 upon no good authority ; on the contrary he 

 believed that the Faroe Islands represent their 

 Ultima Thule, it not being probable that if the 

 Romans had reached Iceland they would have 

 " omitted " discovering Greenland and America. 

 Nothing certain is known of Iceland till the ninth 

 century (?) — though it has been imagined that the 

 English and Irish were acquainted with its exist- 

 ence, as the Venerable Bede is said to have de- 

 scribed the island pretty accurately. The Icelandic 

 chronicle commences with the landing of the Nor- 

 wegians, and states that a pirate of the name of 

 Naddodr was driven by a storm upon Iceland in 

 A.D. 861. 



I may observe that here Mr. Hogg makes what 

 I believe to be the mistake of supposing that the 

 Romans, in speaking of the Ultima Thule, intended 

 by the expression to represent an actual territory 

 to which one of their nation had travelled. This 

 at the least is open to great doubt. I incline 

 rather to think that it referred to a mythical and 

 legendary land, (or one that was so, so far as any 

 actual knowledge of it by themselves was con- 

 cerned,) of whose dark and dreary confines some 

 "ancient mariner" of the North had told them 

 wonderful tales. 



With respect to Mr. Hogg's statement that 

 nothing certain is known of Iceland till the ninth 

 centui-y, I believe it is generally admitted by 

 Scandinavian scholars that the old Norse songs 

 prove that the Sea Kings had repeatedly journeyed 

 there and to Greenland, long before the records 

 of history, other than such as oral tradition sup- 

 plied, although it by no means follows that it is 

 improbable that the discoverers of Iceland " would 

 have omitted discovering Greenland and America." 

 Indeed the facts tell the other way, since the 

 " modern " discovery of Iceland, if I may use such 

 an expression, was made long anterior to Co- 

 lumbus's voyage to America. 



For the reasons given in my former note I still 

 think the Ultima Thule of the Romans was Green- 

 land, clothed in fictitious horrors by Scandinavian 

 superstition. Perhaps some better Scandinavian 

 scholar than I am can throw additional light on 

 the subject. T. Lampbat. 



GODLY PRAYERS. 



(2"'^ S. iii. 187. 282. 353. ; iv. 35. 192.) 



The variations in Godly Prayers for the most 

 part will be merely verbal, just a word here and 

 there. • For example, the lists mentioned at p. 192. 



are identical with the editions 4to., London, 1591, 

 1615, 1646. In the Parker Society's edition of 

 the Elizabethan books, pp. 254-5., we have two 

 not usual, viz. A Prayer for the Concord of 

 Christ's Church, and a Prayer against the Ene- 

 mies of Christ's Truth. At the end of Stern- 

 hold and Hopkins, J. Page, 1566, we have some 

 more prayers : 



1. Morning. 2. Evening. 3. Godly Prayers 

 to be said at all times. 4. A confession for all 

 estates and times. 5. A Prayer to be said before 

 a man begin his worke. 6. A Prayer for the 

 whole estate of Christ's Church. 7. A Prayer 

 against the devil and his manyfolde temptations. 

 8. A confession of a Christian Faith. These occur 

 also in the 1591, and in an edition as late as 1680, 

 London, 4to., for the Society of Stationers ; 

 though the Godly Prayers do not. The edition 

 of 1660, 4to., London, Bill and Barker, has its ar- 

 rangement so different that perhaps you may like 

 a list : 



1. A Prayer necessary for all persons. 



2. A Prayer necessary to be said at all times (*' O Boun- 

 til Jesu, Sweet Saviour "). 



3. A general confession. , 



4. A Prayer for the morning. 



5. A Prayer to be said at night going to bed. 



6. A Prayer containing the duty of every true Christian. 



7. Certain Godly Prayers for sundry days. 



8. Praj'cr for trust in God. 



9. Praj'er against worldly carefulness. 



10. Prayer against temptation. 



11. Prayer for obtaining wisdom. 



12. Praj'er for patience in trouble. 



13. Prayer to be said at the hour of death. 



No. 2. does not appear in the others. As to 

 the author of them all, it should probably be 

 authors, for some occur earlier than others, eg. 

 the 3rd for morning is in Primer 1545, as does 

 also that for wisdom, which is set at the beginning 

 of the Bp.'s Bible. No. 8. "Trust In God ;" No. 9. 

 for worldly carefulness ; part of No. 1. taken from 

 Aquinas by the moste excelent Pi-ynces Mary, 

 1527, and No. 12. for patience, &c., are in the 

 1545 Primer. No. 2. is an adaptation of a " de- 

 vout prayer of S. Bernardyn," Burton's Primers, 

 166, 368. No. 7. for certain days in the 1552 

 edition were said to be taken out of the service 

 daily used in the Queen's house, i.e. of Catherine 

 Parr. J. C. J. 



Your correspondents appear to be in doubt re- 

 specting the date of what are usually called " The 

 (rodly Prayers." I beg therefore to state that they 

 appeared for the first time at the end of the Psalter 

 printed with the Book of Common Prayer in 4to. 

 in 1552. This 4to. edition of King Edward's 

 Second Book is very rare. They occur unaltered 

 in a 4to. Prayer Book in 1560, and in another in 

 1567. After this time, as Strype complains, they 

 were somewhat altered and abridged. In the 



