2n'i S. NO 98., Nov. 14. '57.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



383 



planned tlieir escape from the dungeons of Mar- 

 seilles, the Duke of Montpensier, in dropping 

 down from a considerable height, fell and broke 

 his leg, which precluded his flight. Beaujolais 

 made °his escape in a different way, and success- 

 fully ; but when he found his brother did not join 

 him at the fixed place of rendezvous, he inquired, 

 and ascertaining the cause, with a generous mag- 

 nanimity, immediately went back, and surrendered 

 himself to the officers of the prison, nobly deter- 

 mining at all risk to share the fate of his brother. 



Having been at Malta a few years since I saw 

 an elegant monument erected by Louis Philippe 

 to his younger brother, and as I do not think it 

 has ever appeared in print, I copy it for insertion 

 in the " N. & Q." should you please to accept it. 

 It is in the church of S. Giovanni, and is as fol- 

 lows : — 



"Fratris cavissimi Lud: Caroli de Beaujolais, deside- 

 rata patria exulis, ad salutem propitiore sole restituendam, 

 a solicito fratre ex Anglia aviilsi, in hoc littore protinus 

 extincti: reliquias huic marmori mjerens credidit, Lud: 

 Phil. d'Orle'ans, Anno mdcccviu." 



ETTMOLOGIES. 



Bumpkin. — This has been hitherto among the 

 inexplicables : perhaps the following may be its 

 origin. In the Fairy Mythology (p. 223., 2nd 

 edit.), I was led by a kind of instinct to render 

 the Low-German Buerkem (Bauerchen) by bump- 

 kin ; and this induced me to think that they might 

 have a similar origin, the latter being a corrup- 

 tion of bondekin, from the Anglo-Saxon bonda, a 

 peasant, and the diminutive kin : bondekin, bump- 

 kin, like Langobard, Lombard. It is true that kin 

 does not occur in the Anglo-Saxon works which 

 we possess ; but we find it in so many English 

 words that I think it more natural to suppose 

 that we derived it from our forefathers, than that 

 we borrowed it from the Germans : for it is un- 

 known to our Batavian kinsmen. As instances 

 we had Tomkin, Watkin, Simkin, Dickin, S/'C, still 

 remaining in their genitives used as surnames. 



Trifle. — This I take to be a mere form of trivial, 

 perhaps direct from the Latin, as people might 

 have been in the habit of saying triviale est; just 

 as mob came from mobile vulgus, a common expres- 

 sion in the seventeenth century. 



Paw. — May not this be a mere adoption of the 

 French pas, pronounced paw in Normandy ? 



Dish. — This undoubtedly is the Anglo-Saxon 

 bipc, and is used for all kinds of flat hollow vessels, 

 from the charger down to the skimming-dish and 

 snuff-dish. But how did it come to be used of a 

 tea-cup? which is different in form. In the last 

 century people used to drink a dish of tea ; and 



Addison, in his accoun t of a lady's library {Sped., 

 No. 37.), says : — 



" The octavos were bounded by tea-dishes of all shapes, 

 colours, and sizes, which were so disposed on a wooden 

 frame that thej' looked like one continued pillar, indented 

 with the finest strokes of sculpture, and stained with the 

 greatest variety of dyes." 



I have quoted this passage to show that the 

 tea-dish was the cup, not the saucer. As to the 

 application of the term dish to it, I think it was 

 caused by the resemblance of this word to the 

 French tasse. I should not be surprised if this 

 last, and the Italian tazza, had something to do 

 with the German tisch, which is evidently akin to 

 the Anglo-Saxon bipc. The vulgar verb dish, as in 

 " you are dished,'^ " you dished it," seems to be me- 

 taphoric ^qy finish, as the dishing of the meat was 

 the concluding operation of the cook. 



Boggle. — Mr. Richardson was hard run for a 

 derivation when he hinted that this verb might 

 have come from bog. I would derive it from 

 balk, to hesitate at, refuse, as when it is said that 

 a horse balks his leap. The particle le, when used 

 to form a verb, has generally a diminishing, or 

 even a depreciating effect. In this way I would 

 deduce rifle from reave, and rujffle from rough. 

 So dribble (whence drizzle) is from drop, drip ; 

 and so many others of the same kind. 



What. — In our grammars and dictionaries this is 

 invariably given as a pronoun and an adverb. In 

 my opinion it is neither the one nor the other, but 

 a substantive signifying thing, as is shown by the 

 expressions, ^^ somewhat," "I'll tell you what;" 

 " who/ with this, what with that," i. e. " one thing 

 with this, one thing with that." It is just the 

 same with the German was, and with the kindred 

 terms in the Dutch and the Scandinavian lan- 

 guages. In all, when what and its relatives are 

 interrogative, there is an ellipse of lohich, &c., just 

 as the Italians say cosa volete ? with an ellipse 

 of che, and the Welsh beth (thing) with an ellipse 

 of pa ; while in Greek, Latin, and French, the 

 ellipse is of XP^M«> &c. No doubt we use what as 

 a relative (the vulgar will say "the man wot," 

 " the house wot") ; but here it has taken the place 

 of which, as may be seen in Chaucer ; in these cases 

 it however usually signifies the thing which. 



Caste. — This word, as is well-known, come& from 

 the Spanish and Portuguese casta, a kind or sort 

 (as tank comes from tanque, Sfc.) ; but neither Ofir 

 own nor the Iberian etymologists give any deriva- 

 tion of it. I think it may come from qualitas in 

 this way : — Calita (calidad), calta, casta ; for s and I 

 (like s and r) seem to be cominutable. Thus the 

 Hebrew Kasdim is the Greek XaASawj, Chaldaeans : 

 from Gylippus Boccaccio, in one of his tales, has 

 made Gisippo, and the French lys comes from 

 lilium. Even before we went to India, we seem to 

 have derived several terms direct from the Ibe- 



