272 Mr Jameson on the Natural History and Statistics 



other fossils were met with, sometimes confined to particular parts 

 of the deposit, and at other times found diffused : in the lower 

 we met with specimens belonging to the genus mytilus ; in the 

 middle, among the Crustacea, echinarchinus, of the mollusca, the 

 genera mytilus, spondylus, donax, cardium, venus, voluta, co- 

 nns, and in the upper various species of encrinites, the claws 

 and pieces of the body of crabs. In all the deposits the genera 

 balanus, trochus, &c. were met with. 



In this limestone we very often met with caves, but as it was 

 customary among the Cerijotts from a very early up to a late 

 date, to excavate the solid rock for tombs, temples, and dwell- 

 ing-places, it becomes difficult to distinguish between the natu- 

 ral and artificial caverns. 



From the mineral characters and from the organic remains 



o 



these deposites contain, we may refer them either to two forma- 

 tions, viz. the plastic clay and coarse limestone, or, as no fresh- 

 water productions were observed, to the latter ^nly ; but in such 

 a determination, local circumstances must be taken into account. 



Sometimes it happens that the upper layer of the marl contains 

 rolled fragments of various minerals, but the most abundant is 

 limestone, forming the basis of a calcareous sandstone, in which 

 we find the same kind of remains as just mentioned. 



As to the distribution of these deposits we may remark, that 

 the clay, sandstone, and a portion of the limestone formation, oc- 

 cur in Livodi, Calamos, Tholaris, also in several lateral valleys 

 in Citta ; and in the larger creeks along the east coast between 

 Mirtidia and Felloti, as well as the Faleopolis, the coarse lime- 

 stone formation is complete. In fact, parts of the limestone for- 

 mation occur in all the creeks on the west, in a few places on the 

 east coast, in the two divisions of the east principal valley already 

 mentioned, in a small portion of the west principal valley, and 

 in several large lateral valleys in the district of Citta, also in an- 

 other near the north end of the island. Sometimes we find these 

 deposits at considerable heights above the level of the sea in 

 the smaller valleys, but the most frequendy met with is the cal- 

 careous sandstone covering several of the higher parts of the 

 mountains, unaccompanied by any other deposit. 



From a very early period, the more compact portions of the 



