274 Mr Jameson on the N^atural History and Statistics 



and the floor is lined with calcareous sinter, in which are im- 

 bedded pieces, seldom, however, wliole bones of oxen, goats, and 

 sheep. On the other hand, the latter is low, and its floor is co- 

 vered by a black mould several feet deep, in which the teeth and 

 bones of all parts of the body belonging to oxen, deer, and sheep, 

 were found imbedded and in a tolerably perfect state. These 

 bones are of a white colour, dry, and adherent to the tongue ; but 

 to what age we are to assign them is difficult to determine. A 

 more minute examination of the cave may elucidate the subject. 

 At present this cavern, although by land almost inaccessible to 

 man, is occasionally inhabited by flocks of sheep and goats when 

 grazing in the neighbourhood ; but, as the opening into it is 

 scarcely large enough to admit these animals, others of larger 

 dimensions could not enter ; therefore, the above remains must 

 have come there by some other means, and perhaps at an ante- 

 diluvian date. Several other caverns were met with in this con- 

 glomerate in the district of Citta, but no fossil remains were ob- 

 served in them. 



The conglomerate occurs lining the sides, and partially filling 

 up many of the minor valleys of the transition limestone. In 

 the northern principal valley of this limestone, it covers the up- 

 per compartment called Oscelles, commencing in the Creek of 

 Nessachia, and tenninating suddenly at Tholaris. It also occurs 

 superimposed on the tertiary limestone along the east coast, 

 forming small arid flats, and in the south minor valleys of the 

 district of Citta ; also in various parts of Cerigotto. 



Resting on this conglomerate, in various parts of the island 

 we find a gravel composed of pieces of limestone, quartz, jasper, 

 &c. in which, in Calamos and the Paleopolis, we met with pieces 

 of ox and deer^'s bones. This dcposite would require to be more 

 minutely examined than we had leisure for. Having entered 

 generally into geognostic details, we shall now make a few agri- 

 cultural remarks. 



Soils. — Until lately, very little attention was paid here to this 

 important subject. At present the lonians are making many 

 improvements, and throwing into cultivation lands which have 

 always been considered barren. It could not be otherwise un- 

 der a chief so talented and accomplished as His Excellency the 



