310 New Patent Spring for Carriages. 



tioned, that whereas all springs are found to break, or set and 

 lose their shape and original position if too heavily laden, this 

 safety spring will, on the contrary, always return to the same 

 height, when the load is taken off, be it ever so great ; for, as 

 has been shewn, it is impossible to break the spring, and when 

 it has gone home, the strain then comes entirely upon the levers, 

 which are made beyond any, even the utmost calculated weight 

 or strain. 



The difference of weight between these springs and the old 

 ones, has been accurately determined at the Whitby Railway, 

 and is as follows : — old springs for a 3 tons carriage, 372 lb. ; 

 new springs for a 3 tons carriage, 90 lb., being, as stated above, 

 a saving of three-fourths in weight ; but it is further to be re- 

 marked, that in the old springs, double the load requires double 

 the weight of springs ; whereas in this invention, the spring alone 

 requires increase, directly as the weight, a few pounds additional 

 to the levers being sufficient ; thus, for instance, on the Whitby 

 line, 3 tons take springs of 90 lb., but 156 lb. is sufficient for 

 6 tons, the levers being increased by only 6 lb. 



The saving of expense is evident from the simple nature of 

 the invention, because all the parts can, without loss of steel or 

 iron, be cut in the cold state by heavy machinery, after which 

 httle hand labour is necessary : again it is to be considered that 

 there is never more than one-third of the material employed, and 

 that one-half of that is iron instead of steel. 



The direct up and down motion will thus appear. In all cases, 

 such as public coaches, phaetons with perches, and gigs, where 

 the springs can be conveniently placed so as to run, not across, 

 but along the axle, should the weight by a jerk be thrown to 

 one side, the lever or levers on that side will work the springs, 

 and those on the opposite side being freed from duty, will fall 

 at the same time, by which means the carriage is compelled to 

 descend at both sides alike, and therefore will move directly up 

 and down only, so far as the springs are concerned ; whereas 

 with the present springs, when the weight is thrown to one side, 

 the opposite side of the spring being relieved from pressure, 

 kicks up, and tends much to make the carriage swing and over- 

 turn. 



The facility of increasing the strength for bad roads or heavy 



