New Patent Spring Jbr Carriages, 311 



luggage, will be understood by supposing the stop and its racks 

 to be so arranged J as to be capable of receiving at the top and 

 bottom one or more plates. This will materially increase the 

 strength, and may be performed by an ordinary servant. In the 

 levers no change is requisite, as they are always capable of work- 

 ing a spring of much greater power than would suit the carriage 

 under ordinary circumstances. 



Explanation of Plate II, 



Fig. 1. exhibits the back of a phaeton hung so as to have the up and 

 down motion, and avoid the side swing. 



Fig. 2. represents the frame of a railway carriage, as seen with the 

 patent springs and double guide-plates of one-fourth inch plate 

 iron, made, as shewn, of several pieces rivetted together, or cut 

 out of a single sheet. It is to be noticed, that the spring box 

 plays within the guide-plate, and thus the dirt and dust are kept 

 from the oil ; or the piece rivetted on may be cut off, so as to 

 allow the spring box to play outside, if preferred. 



Fig. 3. exhibits, on a larger scale, the same kind of guide-plate, 

 which is expressed as if transparent, to render the inner works 

 visible. Thus the shape of the spring box, the position of the 

 syphon, the shape and action of the levers are apparent; and there 

 is also displayed on one side a single spring of a 6 tons waggon 

 inserted in its stop or case, the dark line being the tongue and 

 rest. 



In the plan above drawn, the carriages and waggons are hung 8 inches 

 lower than usual. 



It may be necessary to add, that the small quantity of motion in the 

 spring (not exceeding half an inch) is multiplied many times by 

 the lever, before it is communicated to the carriage. 



Notes regarding some of the Plants observed during the last 

 year, in excursions from Edinburgh^ especially some new 

 stations Jbr those of rare occurrence, or concerning the geo- 

 graphical distribution of a Jew which are more common. 

 By Dr Graham. 



The stations for plants in the neighbourhood of Edinburt^h 

 continue to be examined with great care ; and an additional sti- 



