304 Mr J. D. Dana on Nomenclature in Natural History, 



d. When the name Qf a species is afterwards made the 

 name of a genus to include that species, a new specific name 

 should be given. 



The generic name Fyrrhocorax was applied to the species 

 called by Linnaeus, Corvus pyrrhocorax. It therefore be- 

 came necessary to change the specific name, and alpinus was 

 substituted. The practice of thus elevating specific names 

 to generic is a bad one. See § 6, 1. 



II. LAWS WITH REGARD TO ORTHOGRAPHY. 



§ 4. In writing systematic names, the rules of Latin 

 orthography should be adhered to ; except in words derived 

 from proper names, in which only the termination should be 

 Latinized. 



Proper names of persons would often become quite un- 

 intelligible if modified so as to conform throughout to Latin 

 orthography. We should not recognise Knightly Woodwardi, 

 in the words Cnichti, Vudvardi. But words of barbarous 

 origin, having no fixed orthography, are more pliable, and 

 hence, when adopted into the Latin, should be rendered as 

 classical in appearance as is consistent with the preservation 

 of their original sound. 



a. In converting Greek words into Latin the following 

 principles should be regarded. 



h. In compounding two Greek words, the first of the two 

 words should have tjie form of the genitive case, dropping 

 only the terminal consonant ; as from ogwg bird and ^Myx^i 

 beak,, we have Ornithorhynchus — not Ornirhynchus. 



c. Words of difi^erent languages must never be compounded 

 together. We add — 



d. In compounding two Latin words, the same rule should 

 be followed, except that i should be substituted when the 

 genitive ends in w ; penncujormis should be penniformis. 



e. Specific names, derived from localities, should terminate 

 in ensis : those derived from names of persons, when given 



