Habitation and Destruction of the Mammoths. 355 



creatures lived in lands adjacent to lakes and estuaries, in 

 which, during long ages, their bones were interred, and were 

 sometimes carried out to sea, and commingled with oceanic 

 remains. 



Though we now take leave of the Ural chain, we will ter- 

 minate the subject which occupies us, by giving a brief ab- 

 stract sketch of the manner in which the great extinct mam- 

 mals are distributed over European Russia. 



Foasil Quadrupeds of Russia in Europe. — Far from being 

 peculiar to the Ural mountains and Siberia, the remains of 

 mammoths, and other lost quadrupeds, have been found over 

 very considerable regions of Russia in Europe. Pallas had 

 long ago mentioned several localties where such mammalian 

 remains have been observed. Though we ourselves are ac- 

 quainted with situations in which they have been found, in 

 the governments of Moscow, Vladimir, Perm, &;c. ; we best 

 know them through the collections formed in the Imperial 

 Museum of Natural History of Moscow, where, under the 

 auspices and direction of our venerable friend Dr Fischer, 

 they have obtained a just celebrity. 



In Russia, as in every other great region which has been 

 examined, the races of lost mammals present some types 

 which connect her former lands with those of other coun- 

 tries, associated with forms which are peculiar to her. Thus, 

 whilst, in common with America, Russia contains the Mam- 

 moth and Mastodon ; and in common with Britain, the Elephas 

 prirnijeniust Rhinoceros tichorinus^ Trogontherium^ beaver, 

 bear, elk, &c., she once possessed generic forms, as Meryco- 

 therium and Elasmotherium, which have hitherto been found 

 elsewhere. Russia is, indeed, as peculiar in her possessions 

 of the latter extraordinary pachyderm as South America is 

 for the Mylodon and Glyptodon.'^ 



* The geological position of Lophiodon Sibericum, which is stated to have 

 been found in a calcareous formation in the government of Orenburg, is 

 doubtful ; if it be miocene or eocene, it accords with the beds containing 

 Lophiodon in Continental Europe and England. Elasmotherium may be 

 said to be as peculiar to Russia as Mylodon, &c. to South America ; but 



