430 Scientific Intelligence. 



two colouring matters. 4. These colouring matters are produced by the 

 action of the livmg principle on Chlorophyll. 6, When water or its ele- 

 ments are removed from Chlorophyll, Anthokyan is formed. 6. Anthokyan 

 is the colouring matter in blue, violet, and red flowers. 7. By the addi- 

 tion of water Anthoxanthin is formed from Chlorophyll. 8. Anthoxanthin 

 is the colouring matter of yellow flowers. 9. Besides these two colouring 

 matters we find in white, blue, red, and violet flowers, a flower resin, 

 which may be regarded as the transition between Chlorophyll and Antho- 

 kyan, 10. There is also a slightly coloured extractive matter in white 

 and yellow flowers, which is to be considered as the colourless sap of the 

 cells. It is remarkable for its extreme sensibility in regard to alkalies, 

 which colour it yellow. 11. The form of the cells has no influence on 

 the production of a certain colour. 12. Orange-yellow flowers contain 

 both colouring matters, Anthoxanthin, and Anthokyan which is reddened 

 by acids. 13. Brown flowers contain Chlorophyll, and Anthokyan that is 

 reddened by acids. 14. Flowers which contain both colouring matters 

 produce Anthokyan in the epidermis and the upper layers of the cells, but 

 Anthoxanthin in the interior of the cells. 15. Anthokyan is also the colour- 

 ing matter of the other red leaf-like organs, but is in such cases covered 

 by a colourless epidermis. 16. A black colouring matter does not exist 

 in leaf-like organs ; plants concentrate so much a blue, violet, or green 

 tint that it seems to us a black. 17. The alteration of the colour of flowers 

 must be observed with reference to the different periods of the life of the 

 plants. 18. Yellow proceeds directly from green. 19. After the period 

 of fructification, yellow passes frequently to the opposite range of colours. 



20. All buds of red and blue flowers pass from green through white to red. 



21. White is the transition-step to blue. 22. Blue flowers are red in bud, 

 because they have not begun to respire. 23. Some blue flowers become 

 red and others white after the period of flowering. 24. The blue colour 

 subsequently acquired by many red flowers may be explained in two modes. 



List of Patents granted in Scotlandjrom December 18. 1835, 

 to March 18. 1836. 



1835, 

 Dec. 18. To John Houldsworth of Glasgow, in the county of Lanark, cotton- 

 spinner, in consequence of a communication made to him by a cer- 

 tain foreigner residing abroad, for an invention of " certain im- 

 provements applicable to drawing and slabbing frames used in the 

 manufacture of cotton and other fibrous substances." 

 24. To Joseph Skinner of Fen Court in the city of London, civil- 

 engineer, for an invention of " improvements in machinery for 

 cutting wood for veneers, and other purposes." 

 To John Joseph Charles Sheridan of Walworth, in the county of 

 Surrey, alchymist, for an invention of " an improvement in the 

 manufacture of soap." 

 31. To William Symington of Bromley, in the county of Middlesex, 

 cooper, for an invention of " certain improvements in the steam- 

 engine, and in the machinery and apparatus for propelling vessels 

 by steam, which improvements are wholly, or in part, also appli- 



