3T4 Prof. Bischof 07i the Temperature of 



iff we <io not confine ourselves to places where there is ice 

 throughout the year below the surface, but include all places of 

 which the mean temperature is lower than that of the surface 

 (and in fact they only differ from the former as to the degree), 

 we shall with a little attention easily increase their number. 



Dc Saussure* has made us acquainted with several subter- 

 ranean caverns out of which wind issues, which is colder than 

 the mean temperature of the soil, namely, the caverns of Monte 

 Testaceo near Rome ; the Ventarola della Funera on the island 

 (rf Ischia, which lies still more to the south, and is so entirely 

 volcartic, and full of hot springs ; the caves of St Marino and 

 of Cesi ; the Cantines of Chiavenna ; the caverns of Caprino on 

 Lake Lugano ; the cold grottos of Hergisweil, near the lake of 

 Lucerne, and so forth. It is true De Saussure only gives iis 

 single observations of the temperature of these caverns, made 

 in the summer months ; but the observations of Nollet in the 

 grottos of Monte Testaceo were made in September, These 

 seem to shew that the yearly mean temperature of those winds 

 is much lower than the yearly mean temperature of the air, and 

 that their temperature rises as the seasons advance. 



In the Saxon Erzgebirge, Reich-f mentions three points 

 which are remarkable for their low temperature. The Hein- 

 richssohle in the Stockwerk at Altenberg was found by two 

 years observations to have a mean temperature of 0.°54 colder 

 than that of the surface, although situated at a depth of 400 

 feet. In the Henneberger StoUn (Adit of Henneberg) on the 

 Ingelbach near Johanngeorgenstadt, Reich found the temperar 

 ture about 0.°54 lower than in the Gnade Gottes andNeujahrs 

 Maassner shaft some hundred feet higher. The Weiss Adler 

 StoUn on the left declivity of the valley of the Schwarzwasser, 

 above the Antonshiitte, is also remarkable for its extraordinary- 

 cold. 



ReichJ has also communicated some interesting observations 

 on the perpetual ice in the mines of the Sauberg, at EhTcnfrie- 



• Voyages dans les Alpes, vol. v. p. 342, with remarks by Nicholson, in his 

 Journal of Nat. Philos. &c. No. 5, 1797, in Gilbert's Annalen, vol. iii.p. 201, 



f Beobachtungen ueber die Tempemtur des Gestsins in verschiedenen 

 Tiefeninden Gruben des Sadisischen Erzgebirges, in deu Jahren 183C-1832, 

 &c. Freyberg 1834, p. 200 and following, 



;^ P. 175) and following. 



