Hot and Thermal Springs, 331 



(Borcette), attain a much higher temperature; the warmest 

 among the latter shews 171°.5. 



The numerous mineral springs of the Westcrwald and the 

 Taunus Mountains, surpass the mean temperature of the place 

 with but few exceptions. Some, as Selters, have 60°. 125 ; 

 Schlangenbad, Ems, and Wiesbaden rise even as high as 84°.875, 

 131°, and 14j7°.875. Wille* determined the temperature of 

 thirty groups of mineral springs between the Taunus and Vo- 

 gelsgebirge, and found that they must be considered as thermals, 

 with but few exceptions. The salt springs at Sooden, near 

 Hochst on the Main, and in the valley of the Nahe, have a tem- 

 }^)erature of 74°. 75 and 81°.5, and those of Nauheim even 86°. 



A great number of fresh-water springs, which rise out of the 

 chalk formation on the western declivity of the Teutoburger 

 Wald and the Haar in Westphalia, possess a degree of heat 

 exceeding the mean temperature of the place. According to my 

 observations, made in April 1833, and repeated in May 1834, 

 on the springs of the Lippe, Jordan, Pader, and Heder, on the 

 fresh-water springs of Gesecke, Erwitte, &c., their temperatures 

 vary from 47°.75 to 59°.25. Those whose temperatures are near 

 47°. 75, can alone be considered as being equal to the mean tem- 

 perature of the place ; the warmer ones are evidently thermal, 

 and their number is not small ; for example, at Paderborn, out 

 of sixty of the springs which I observed, there are fifty whose 

 temperatures are above 50°, and which must consequently be 

 considered as thermal. A warm spring, lately discovered, about 

 forty feet distant from the Lippe springs, has a temperature as 

 high as 69°.35. f The temperature of the salt springs of West- 

 phalia is between ^'Jt^^^^ and 63°.5.t 



The mineral springs of other parts of north- western Germany 

 in Hessia, Hanover, &e., for the most part also exceed the mean 

 temperature of the place. § The salt springs in the Prussian 



• Geognostische Beschreibung der Gebirgsmassen zwischen dem Taunus 

 und Vogelsgebirge, &c. Mainz, 1828, p. 100, and fol. 



-f Bischof ueber die merkwurdigen Quellenverhaltnisse des westlichen Ab- 

 hangs des Tentoburger Waldes im neuen Jahrbuche der Chemie und Physik, 

 vo'. viii. p. 249. 



X Kollmann in " Das Gebirge in Rheinland Westphalen," von Noggerath 

 vol. iii. p. 56. 



§ Osann's Physikal. M<^dicin. Darstellung der bekannten Heil([uellen der 

 vorzuglichstcn JLander Europa*s, part il. 1832. 



