Hot and Thermal Springs. 333 



nemoser on about twenty-six warm springs, their temperatures 

 fall between 59^°.9,5 and 72°.95. Neither are they of uncommon 

 occurrence in Switzerland ; the hottest are St Gervaise, near 

 Mont Blanc, 61°.875 to 97^.925 ; Pfaeffers, 99 .5 to 100^.625 ; 

 Aix-les-Bains, (in Savoy), 111°.875 to 116°.825 ; and Leuk, 

 97°.25 to 124°.25.* 



In France, from the Pyrenees to the mountains of the Vosges, 

 a great number of warm springs are to be met with. Among the 

 many sulphurous springs in the department of the East Pyre- 

 nees, which are dispersed over fourteen districts, Anglada*|- ob- 

 served the temperature of forty-two thermal springs, of which 

 only three possess a temperature below 77°., twelve between 

 77°.0 and 99°.5, ten between 99°.5 and 122°.0, fourteen between 

 122°.0 and 144°.5, and three between \W.5 and 172°.625. Even 

 the coldest among all those sulphurous springs are sensibly 

 warmer than the neighbouring fresh water springs, which have 

 only 47°. 75 and 50° of temperature. 



In the volcanic mountains of Auvergne and the Vivarais, a 

 great many thermal springs are found. The hottest of these 

 are: Mont-Dore-les- Bains, of 113°.0; St Nectaire, 65°.75 to 

 89°.6; Vichy, 90°.5 to 113°.0; and Chaudes Aigues, 190°.4.+ 



As the object here is only to point out the occurrence of 

 thermal waters in the most various formations, I think it unne- 

 cessary to mention further the hot springs of other countries, 

 where, however, it would be easy to shew that they are to be 

 found in equal abundance. 



But it is not Nature alone th^t furnishes us with hot springs ; 

 art can also draw them forth from the interior of the earth. Al- 

 most all artesian wells possess a temperature superior to the mean 

 temperature of the place. Thus the temperatures of forty-eight 

 springs bored for in and near Vienna, were found by observa- 



* Robert Bakewell (Philosoph. Magazine, January 1828, p. 14 to 69), 

 communicates some very interesting remarks on the frequent occurrence of 

 hot springs in the district of the pennine Alps. "With these we may compare 

 the observations of Pallasou on the numerous hot springs of the Pyrenees. 

 (Memoire pour servir a I'Histoire Naturelle des Pyrenees, 1815, p. 435.) 



-f- Memoires pour servir a I'Histoire Generale des Eaux Min6rales Sul- 

 phureuses et des Eaux Thermales ; Paris, vol. i. p. 31 and 35. 



X Bischof, die vulcanischen Mincralquellen Deutschlands und Frankreichs. 

 Bonn, 1826, p. 213. 



