Analysis of the Bo7i7iington Water. 297 



V^=: PQ_cos [nt—k {px-\-sz)-^^— »}, 



V'= Y^h e-^^^ \qo% {nt-k {p x-\-<T z)-\-y.] 



+ PQcos [iit—k{'px-{-<jz) +x — 9— »} j. 



Thus we have proved the laws above-stated for vibrations 

 liarallel to the phine of incidence. 



[To be continued.] 



XLIV. Analysis of the Bonnington Water, near Leith, Scot- 

 land. By Edward G. Schweitzer, Esq.* 



THE soil from which this mineral spring rises, according 

 to the kind information obtained through G. Haig, Esq. 

 of Bonnington House, is, for 20 feet below the surface, a wet, 

 slipping sand of a yellowish colour, which is succeeded, for 

 20 feet, by a black hard clay, and this is followed, by a hard 

 sandstone rock of considerable thickness, limestone of differ- 

 ent qualities, and two small seams of coal ; these have been 

 bored, with very little interruption, through the extent of 184< 

 feet. The mineral water when taken from the spring is quite 

 transparent, with an empyreumatic smell, which it likewise 

 imparts to the palate ; it has also the taste of alkaline chlorides 

 and iron. When a bottle containing the water for examina- 

 tion was opened, no disengagement of carbonic acid gas was 

 perceptible, and when poured into a glass vessel but few bub- 

 bles of gas appeared at the sides ; when mixed, however, with 

 an acid, a slight discharge of carbonic acid gas took place. 

 When exposed to the atmospheric air it becomes turbid, and 

 a brownish sediment is formed ; a few dark brown flakes were 

 also floating in it, which were separately examined. The 

 natural temperature of this water is about 44° Fahr., its spe- 

 cific gravity at 60° F. is 1-002618, and the quantity emitted 

 from the spring amounts to about from 4 to 5 gallons per 

 minute. 



It indicated no action upon blue litmus paper ; when boiled 

 it became turbid, oxide of iron with some organic matter 

 precipitated, and a slight alkaline reaction upon reddened 

 litmus paper was developed. The usual well-known applica- 

 tion of tests for a qualitative analysis evidenced the presence 

 of potassa, soda, lime, magnesia, oxide of iron, sulphuric acid, 

 chlorine, and carbonic acid gas. 



• Communicated by the Chemical Society 3 having been read November 

 18, 1844. 



