392 Dr. Hofmann on the Metainorphoses of Indigo. 



that the oily fluid which distils over with the water condenses 

 into a white crystalline mass in the neck of the retort, or, if 

 this is too hot, in the cooled receiver. If the distillation is 

 carefully conducted to prevent any of the fluid spirting over, 

 the product collected in the receiver does not react alkaline so 

 long as there remains a considerable quantity of water in the 

 retort. When, however, the substance in the retort becomes 

 nearly dry, a considerable quantity of ammonia, together with 

 hydrogen, begins to be evolved, and the upper part of the re- 

 tort becomes covered with a blue matter, which is sometimes 

 carried over with the watery vapour into the receiver ; at the 

 same time the oily drops which have distilled over, from being 

 colourless, now become brown and no longer solidify. At 

 this period the distillation must be interrupted. 



The crystalline substance which collects in the receiver can 

 be purified with the greatest ease, by being thrown on a filter 

 and washed with distilled water till all trace of ammonia is 

 removed. To obtain it chemically pure, it is to be dissolved 

 in boiling alcohol, from which it crystallizes in regular octa- 

 hedrons. From the analysis it will be seen that this com- 

 pound is aniline, in which one equivalent of hydrogen is re- 

 placed by one equivalent of chlorine. In short, it presents 

 all the chemical characters and properties of aniline, and is 

 like it a base. It may hence be denominated " chloraniline." 

 If we employ the very excellent nomenclature of Laurent, 

 who designates aniline by the name amaphenese (phenamide), 

 then must the new chlorinated base be called amachlophenese. 



A. Chloraniline {Amachlophenese). 



a. Composition. 

 This substance was prepared and purified in the way above 

 mentioned, and then dried in the air ; in consequence of its 

 containing chlorine, the combustion was made with chromate 

 of lead. 



I. 0*44'95 grm. of substance gave 0'9210 grm. of carbonic 

 acid and 0'19S0grm. of water. 



II. 0'3220grm. of substance gave 0'6670grm. of carbonic 

 acid and 0"1495grm. of water. 



III. 0*283 grm. of the substance well-mixed with powdei'ed 

 lime was placed in a tube, small pieces of lime added, and 

 then submitted to a strong heat*. The residue, dissolved in 



* Strong heat is necessary, as the substance is decomposed with diffi- 

 culty. In a previous operation a small quantity distilled over undecom- 

 posed, which made the amount of chlorine too small. 



0*3925grm. of substance gave 0400 grm. chloride of silver = 25'14 per 

 cent, chlorine. 



