292 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[No. 258. 



and mispronounce it ; besides, how common it is, 

 even yet, in such matters for blunders to creep in. 



^^ Burdelyers near the church wall" of 1608 

 are I think extremely probable, also by a corrup- 

 tion of the word, to have been hordeliers or hordel- 

 lers, or brothel-keepers, whom it was not unusual 

 in old times to find nestling in the vicinity even of 

 sacred places. Instances of bordel for a brothel 

 might be mentioned from the writings of Scotch 

 authoi's about the above period, but unnecessary 

 to be introduced. The appellation had no doubt 

 travelled from France into both England and 

 Scotland. It is likely the corporation took some 

 oversight in the regulation of these haunts of in- 

 famy. 



" The welkyn or milking of brasse of this corpo- 

 ration" of 1580 and subsequent periods seems 

 deeply obscure ; but, judging by a sort of hap- 

 hazard, it may have been some large brass horn 

 or trumpet, which, from its loud and sonorous 

 qualities when effectively blown, made all the 

 loelkin to ring, and from the latter circumstance 

 the instrument might have been thus popularly 

 named. Such instruments as the horn, trumpet, 

 drum, bagpipes, &c., to arouse people in the early 

 morning, were in many country situations of Scot- 

 land in remote times extensively used and main- 

 tained by public authorities and corporations, and 

 are occasionally so still when desirable to supersede 

 the church bell, or where it may not be situated 

 at a convenient distance. The corporation may 

 also have had this great brasse for official purposes 

 connected with its own state and dignity, and for 

 legal intimations, as proclaiming by the sound of 

 the horn, meetings, fairs, &c. ; as also for giving 

 the alarm on extraordinary occasions, as in cases 

 of fires, tumult, &c. A reference to the ancient 

 customs of the locality would have a chance of 

 throwing considerable light on the difficulty. 



Rayments may refer, by imperfect writing or by 

 short expression, to arrayments or regiments, or 

 to some particular body of men, such as we call in 

 Scotland " town officers," who, dressed in a kind 

 of livery, with their halberts accompany corpora- 

 tions and magistrates on high occasions in their 

 processions. The corporation of 1546 (if an im- 

 portant one) cannot be supposed to have been 

 without a corps or body-guard, who might also 

 have been distinguished by their rayments, or ray- 

 ment, or uniform, and from such commonly called 

 and recognised by the people, adopted as the 

 name or title of the civic troops. 



The tiplers or tipplers of 1568, " persons licensed 

 to sell ale or beer by retail," may be illustrated 

 from the " Letter of Gildry," of the " Burgh and 

 City ofGlasgow, 6th day of February 1605 years:" 

 {History of Glasgow, by John McUre, 1736. 

 New edit. 1830, p. 148. &c.) : 



" Art. 23. It shall noways be leasom (lawful) to any 

 gild-brother who is not at present burgess and freeman 



of this burgh, but enters hereafter to be burgess and gild- 

 brother according to the order set down before, and 

 according to his ability and worth, to tapp tarr, oyl, 

 butter, or to tapp eggs, green-herring, pears, apples, 

 onions, kail, straw, &c., and such like small things, which 

 is not agreeable to the honour of the calling of a gild- 

 brother." 



" Art. 24. It shall not be leasom to a single burgess 

 who enters hereafter to be burgess and becomes not a 

 gild-brother, to tapp any silk, or silk work, spices, or 

 sugars, druggs nor confections wet or drj', no launs or 

 cambricks, nor stuffs above twenty shilling per ell, no 

 forreign hats, nor hats with velvet and taffety that comes 

 out of France, Flanders, England, or other forreign parts, 

 nor to tapp hemp, lint, or iron, &c. ; neither to tapp wine 

 in pint or quart, great salt, way, &c. ; neither to buy 

 plaiding or cloth in great (in bulk) to sell again within 

 this liberty," &c. 



" Art. 46. It shall not be allowed to maltmen or others 

 to buy malt, meal or beer (barley) within this town, 

 either before or in time of market to tapp over again, under 

 the penalty of five pounds (Scots money = 8s. 4d. En- 

 glish)," &c. 



From the foregoing extracts it will be observed 

 that the jurisdiction of Gilds or Guilds in both 

 England and Scotland interfered with the various 

 commodities of trade, and as well in licensing as 

 in non-licensing to buy and sell; and that the 

 tappers of Scotland were under the same super- 

 vision of their respective Guilds as the tipleis, or 

 tipplers, or tapsters of England ; and also that the 

 terms tappers and tipplers in the two countries 

 were synonymous as applied to persons engaged 

 in traffic. G. If . 



Glasgow. 



Femble (Vol. x., p. 182.). — This is the female 

 hemp. The Cannabis sativa is a dioecious plant. 

 In the hemp districts of Norfolk and Suffolk about 

 Lopham, the staminiferous hemp is called Carl 

 hemp; the pistilliferous, Femble-hemp. Carl is 

 an old word for male, and male cats are in the 

 north of England called Carl cats. Tusser, how- 

 ever, confounds them. In May's husbandry he 

 says : 



" Good flax and good hemp, to have of her own, 

 In May a good huswife will see it be sowti ; 

 And afterwards trim it to serve at a need, 

 The fimble to spin and the carl for her seed." 



The Carl never produces any seed, but has a 

 weaker fibre than the Femble. 



Carl is Anglo-Saxon for male, and Femble is in 

 German " Fimmel, female hemp." 



Bailey's Dictionary (Femble and Karle) makes 

 the same mistake as Tusser. £. G. R. 



PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. 



Opacity of Collodion. — I have tried almost every method 

 published to make collodion — Diamond's, Hadon's, 

 Lyte's, Shadbolt's, besides many given in various ma- 

 nuals of photography — and I have not been able to get 

 a pure transparent solution when dry. 



