Oct. 7. 1854.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



293 



Home's, Bland's, and many others wliich I have pur- 

 chased, on dropping a single drop on glass, remain per- 

 fectly transparent for any length of time ; whereas all I 

 have made, leave a semi-opal opaqueness, and this al- 

 though I have used the most pure materials — cotton, 

 Swedish paper, pure washed ether, and absolute alcohol, 

 &c. — yet I cannot succeed. 1 have, moreover, been par- 

 ticularly careful as to the specific gravity of all my 

 materials: and although my prepared cotton and paper 

 have been perfectly soluble, yet, as I say, there is an 

 opacity on drying ; and I should feel particularly obliged 

 to any of your correspondents, by their pointing out the 

 probable cause of my failure on this particular point. 



M. P. M. 



[We have seen the effect described by our correspon- 

 dent when water has been combined with the collodion. 

 This may arise either from some remaining in the cotton, 

 — which may not be perfectly dry, although apparently 

 so, or it may be combined with your ether or alcohol. An 

 opacity will also take place in the subsequent picture, 

 although not to the eye, previous to immersion in the 

 bath, if the collodion is allowed to get too dry before it is 

 plunged into the nitrate solution. We can only say, that 

 we have some collodion before us, made according to the 

 formula given by Dr. Diamond in this journal, which is 

 as transparent as crystal ; and having poured some ex- 

 perimentally upon a piece of glass, have removed it in a 

 most beautiful transparent glassy film. — Ed. " N. & Q."] 



Travelling Photographers. — As a beginner in photo- 

 graphy, my attention has been called to an article on this 

 subject in the last number of the Photographic Journal 

 which greatly discourages me. The writer boasts he has 

 never met with a failure. So far so good ; but then he 

 gravely tells us that he takes only two pictures a day, 

 which are as many as anyone can properly develop. Now 

 it really does not appear to me to be worth the trouble of 

 making all the preparations necessary for a photographic 

 trip, to secure only two pictures. Is this the average 

 number taken by those who practise either the calotype 

 or collodion process ? Novus. 



Photographic Patents. — A patent has recently been 

 granted to M. Duppa for rendering photographs trans- 

 parent, and for a mode of colouring them on the back of 

 the paper. The granting of this patent has caused much 

 surprise ; and we beg to call the attention of our photo- 

 graphic friends to the fact, because it appears that there 

 is little variation in it from processes already in use. We 

 regret to see a tendency to take out patents for improve- 

 ments in an art to which many of our ablest scientific 

 men have contributed their knowledge without any 

 reserve. 



Photographic Terms : Glucose, Bitumen of Judaa. — 

 In the Photographic Journal, No. 22., p. 30., Mr. Lyte 

 states that Narbonne honey is often adulterated with 

 glucose. What is the substance referred to ? 



I shall also feel obliged if some of your readers will tell 

 me what ti e Bitumen of Judcea is, referred to in the same 

 journal in the preceding article ? Ignotus. 



Calotype Views of Interiors. — I have succeeded toler- 

 ably well in obtaining views of interiors by collodion, 

 but finding it so inconvenient to carry liquid chemicals in 

 my photographic excursions, I am anxious to try some 

 of the paper processes for the same objects. Will any of 

 your readers give me any hints upon the subject, or in- 

 form me of the degree of success which has attended any 

 of their attempts in the same direction ? M. N. S. 



^tpliti t0 Minav ©uerirf. 



CennicKs Hymns (Vol. x., p. 148.). — Your 

 correspondent may like to know more of the 

 bibliography of Cennick's Hymns than you have 

 communicated ; I therefore send you a note of 

 those in my possession : 



1. "Sacred Hymns for the Children of God and the 

 Days of their Pilgrimage," by J. C. Small 8vo. pp. 220 : 

 London : B. Milles. 1741. 



This is, I believe, the first hymn-book published 

 by Cennick ; it bears only his initials, but contains 

 his autobiography, extending to pp. 32, and only 

 to his twenty-second year, when he got connected 

 with Wesley. 



2. " Sacred Hymns, as above, a new collection, dedi- 

 cated to 'Jesus of Nazareth.'" Small 8vo. pp. 117 : 

 London : Lewis. N. d. 



3. The same title. Part ii. pp. 196 : Lewis. 1742. 



4. " Sacred Hymns for the use of Religious Societies." 

 Parts I. and ii. square 12mo. Bristol : Felix Farley. 1743. 

 Part ni. uniform : London : Hart. 1755. 



5. "Nunc Dimittis." Some lines of the Eev. Mr. 

 Cennick's, &c. 1756. 



The autobiography of Cennick, as in No. 1., was 

 republished by him at Bristol in 1745, and was, 

 with a short addition, prefixed to an edition of his 

 Discourses, published by Mark Wilks in 1803; 

 out of the pp. 40 of this latter memoir, however, 

 Cennick's own account of himself occupies pp. 29, 

 so that an extended biography of this worthy 

 character is still a desideratum ; and it is rather a 

 reflection upon the religious section to which he 

 more particularly belonged, that the public are 

 not better acquainted with John Cennick and his 

 labours. J. O- 



" Franks" (Vol. x., p. 154.). — This is still in 

 Scotland the name of " a sort of muzzling bridle." 

 It is made of two pieces of thin wood, two or 

 three inches broad and as long as the horse's head 

 is wide from back to front just above the mouth; 

 the two are connected across the nose by a piece 

 of pack-thread. 



A small cord like a smull bit is much sharper 

 and more punishing than a large one. At the 

 back a rope is made fast to one and run through 

 the other, so that when this rope or halter is pulled 

 upon, it draws the branks together and pinches 

 the horse's muzzle. The word " branks " is not 

 here used for any part of a collar. Collars are 

 called brakums, written here as it is pronounced. 



J. P. A. 



RaphaeVs Cartoons (Vol.x., pp. 45. 152. 189.), 

 — The presumption of M. H. that the seven 

 apostles had sent word to the other four, who 

 were most conveniently within immediate call, is 

 not at all " warranted by Scripture." If such 

 licenses were once admitted, we might summon 

 and dismiss persons as it suited our purpose ad 

 libitum. The Gospel records seven apostles only 



