530 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[No. 270. 



Brayley's lectures could not carry that part of the case 

 farther. The second question for the jury was as to the 

 infringement by the defendant, and on this point his Lord- 

 ship remarked that the wonderful discovery of the latent 

 image was entirely due to Mr. Talbot, who had that high 

 merit. It was the foundation of all that 'followed, but it 

 was not the subject of a patent, as from its nature it could 

 not be so. With regard to the collodion process, when the 

 ■collodion was put into the camera it contained iodide and 

 nitrate of silver, but no gallic acid, a material which was 

 «ssential to the plaintiff's process. It followed, therefore, 

 that there must be something of a highly sensitive cha- 

 racter iu collodion equivalent to gallic acid, and as yet 

 unknown. Another point of the second question was 

 whether, after the respective substances were withdrawn 

 from the camera, the material applied by the defendant 

 was the same, or a chemical equivalent with that em- 

 ployed by the plaintiff; or, in other words, the point was 

 whether pyrogallic acid was the same or a chemical equi- 

 valent with gallo-nitrate of silver ; if it was either, there 

 was an infringement of the patent. The evidence had 

 been pointed to a distinction between pyrogallic and 

 gallic acid ; but the second claim of the specification, by 

 using the word 'liquids,' meant gallo-nitrate of silver, 

 and therefore this latter body must be compared with 

 pyrogallic acid. On the whole, the jury were to consider, 

 as to the question of novelty, did Mr. Reade know of the 

 use of nitrate of silver with gallic acid in connexion with 

 iodide of potassium, and did he publish such discovery 

 before the date of the plaintiff's patent? And as to the 

 question of infringement, was the use of collodion with 

 nitrate of silver and iodide of potassium the same with 

 the use of paper prepared with nitrate of silver, iodide of 

 potassium, and gallic acid ? And, farther, was pyrogallic 

 acid the same or a chemical equivalent with gallo-nitrate 

 of silver ? 



" The jury retired, and returned with a verdict that the 

 plaintiff was the first inventor, but that there was no in- 

 fringement, thereby deciding in favour of the defendant." 



^epXitS ta Minav ^utriti, 



"Plus occidit Gula," ^c. (Vol. viii., p. 292.).— 

 Francis Patrlcius (a Sienese, Bishop of Gaeta) 

 has in his De TteipuhlicoB Institutione, lib.'v. c. 8. : 

 " Gula plures occidit quam gladius, estque fomes 

 omnium malorum." Perhaps this reference may 

 suffice your correspondent, although Patricius has 

 merely appropriated the saying. Before his time, 

 somebody (I cannot say who, but quote memoriter) 

 wrote : " Plures interfecit gula, paucos gladius." 



Amos Challsteth. 



Spanish Reformation (Vol. x., p. 446.). — Be- 

 sides the works you mention, respecting the 

 Reformation and martyrs in Spain, your corre- 

 spondent B. H. C, taking M'Crie's History of the 

 Progress and Suppression of the Reformation in 

 Spain in the Sixteenth Century for his general 

 text-book, should read : 



" Sanctae Inquisitionis Hispanicae artes aliquot detectse, 

 ac palam traductae. Reginaldo Gonsalvus Montano 

 authore. Heidelbergte, 1567. 12mo." 



It is the original veracious Spanish Protestant 

 martyrology, and an exposure of the practices of 



the Inquisition ; the fountain whence Foxe, Lim- 

 borch, and M'Crie drew their best information. 

 There is an English translation in three editions ; 

 that of 1569 is the best, with the title : 



" A Discovery, and Playne Declaration of Sundry 

 Subtill Practices of the Holy Inquisition of Spayne . . . 

 by Reginaldus Gonsalinus Montanus. 4to. B. L." 



Can any of your readers furnish information 

 respecting Vincent Skinner, the translator ? 



Foxe's Acts and Monuments may be consulted 

 for some additional particulars. The dates, &c. of 

 the Spanish Protestants in Seiior don Adolfo de 

 Castro's book should be verified from other sources 

 to be received. It is scarcely detracting from the 

 book to mention this, since it has the merit of 

 being the first of its kind that has openly ven- 

 tured forth in Spain on a subject still held to be 

 delicate to treat of in that country. Sefior Puig- 

 blanch's work will be found enlarged, and much 

 more obtainable in the translation {The Inquisition 

 Unmasked, 2 vols. 8vo.) than the Spanish original. 



There are various works written by Spanish 

 reformers, who were not martyrs in the proper 

 sense of the terra : as these were composed and 

 printed out of the countryi they have little re- 

 ference to what occurred in Spain, except the one 

 by Montanus already quoted. B. B. W. 



Stars and Flowers (V o\. y\\. passim ; Vol.x., 

 pp. 253. 494.). — Dr. J. Leyden calls the daisy, 

 " star of the mead." Montgomery speaks of — 



« that fair land, 



Where daisies thick as sfar-light stand, 

 In every walk ! " 

 and Wordsworth of dafibdils, as " continuous as 

 the stars that shine," &c. 



In Anderson's " Wee Flowers," we read : 

 « A bonnie wee flower grew green in the wuds,^ 

 Like a twinkling wee star amang the cluds ;" 



and Barton addresses the evening primrose : 



" But still more animating far, 



If meek Eehgion's eye may trace, 

 E'en in thy glimmering earth-born star, 

 The holier hope of grace." 



Amos Challsteth. 



Descendants of Dr. Bill (Vol. vii., p.286.).— 

 A branch of the family of Dr. Bill settled in 

 Staffordshire, in the beginning of the sixteenth 

 century, where their descendants at present re- 

 main ; their residence being at Farley Hall, near 

 Cheadle. M. L. B. 



CromwelVs Irish Grants (Vol. x., p. 365.). — 

 There is not, I believe, any "printed account 

 of the lands distributed by Oliver Cromwell to 

 his army in Ireland." A grant was made by 

 Charles II. on Dec. 20, in the eighteenth year of 

 his reign, to Thomas Phelps, of 1731 a. 2 r. 16 p. 

 statute measure, in the county of Tipperary ; and 



