Zoological Society, 527 



terior to the situation of the lachrymal bones, and is inserted into 

 the orbitar process of the temporal bone, from the inferior half of 

 which a muscle arises, passing downwards under the eye, and at- 

 tached to the inferior part of the optic foramen, sending pfF a slip, 

 which is attached immediately anterior and internal to the orbitar 

 process of the temporal bone. There is most motion in the inferior 

 eyelid. 



" Round the entrance of the external meatus of the ear there are 

 some muscular fibres observable, but as the part was much bruised, 

 I was unable to separate them : they seem to act as a sphincter. 



" The masseter, temporalis, and pterygoideus arise as usual, as does 

 also the zygomatic. 



" On the fore part of the neck there are two muscles : one arising 

 from the superior edge of the furculum, near its union with the os 

 coracoides, and from the recurved portion of the coracoid bone, and 

 inserted into the temporal fascia ; the other arising tendinous from 

 the superior internal part oH the furculum, and attached to the outer 

 and posterior part of the tympanic bone. 



" The tongue has a hyoglossus and lingualis, as usual. 



" The muscles of the os hyoides and lower jaw are as usual. 



" There is only one pair of muscles of voice. 



m The recti postici and antici, obliqui capitis, splenii capitis et colli, 

 complexi, intertransver sales, inter spinales, transversalis colli, spinales 

 dorsi et colli, trapezius, cucullaris, rhomboideus, biventer ceroids, tra- 

 chelo-mastoideus, longus colli, and scaleni muscles are large and well 

 defined, arising and attached in the same manner as in most short- 

 necked Birds, but especially resembling the muscles of the neck of 

 the Loon ; as do also the abdominal muscles, and those for the mo- 

 tion of the dorsal vertebrce, ribs, and tail. 



" The muscles connecting the scapula to the trunk resemble those 

 of the Loon, but have broader attachments, in proportion as the 

 scapula of the Penguin is broader than that of the Bird referred to. 



" The principal differences are in the muscles of the wing and 

 leg. 



" The muscles of the wing I shall now describe. The pectoralis 

 major arises from the superior part of the crista and the external 

 part of the body of the sternum, from the fascia of the pectoralis 

 minor, from the cartilages of the ribs, and from the anterior part 

 of the coracoid bone j over the crista it unites with its fellow of 

 the opposite side ; it is inserted, muscular, into the anterior su- 

 perior part of the humerus. The pectoralis minor arises from the 

 lower part of the crista and the interior part of the body of the 

 sternum, and from the inferior part of the furculum and coracoid 

 bone ; its tendon passes over the union of the three bones of the 

 shoulder-joint, moving freely over them, and is inserted, tendinous, 

 into the scabrous surface on the posterior part of the external side 

 of the humerus, just below its head. The coraco-brachialis arises 

 from the lateral angle of the sternum and base of the coracoid bone, 

 and is inserted immediately posterior and a little superior to the 

 pectoralis minor. The subclavius occupies the usual place, but is 



