^8 Mr Sankey on the action of Caloric 



place in fluids, where the freest motion being allowed to the 

 mmute particles, it does not seem necessary to suppose such 

 an alteration of their form and bulk. Supposing, then, the 

 ultimate atoms to remain unaltered, it is manifest that the 

 effect of the addition of caloric must be to drive a number of 

 atoms upwards to the top of the fluid, there being no other 

 way of escape for them from each stratum. These atoms 

 consequently will arrange themselves on the surface of the 

 fluid in one or more strata, according to the number of atoms 

 that had been driven up. Hence it follows that the addition of 

 caloric increases the altitude of the fluid in two ways ; Jlrst, 

 by increasing the distance between the strata into which the 

 particles of the fluid were arranged prior to this addition of 

 caloric ; and, secondly, by increasing the number of strata with 

 the corresponding interstices or distances between them. If 

 now the form of the vessel containing the fluid be such that 

 sections parallel to the base shall at all altitudes be equal and 

 similar, it is obvious that the entire number of atoms contain- 

 ed in the additional strata will be equal to the number expel- 

 led from each of the former strata multiplied by the number 

 of such strata. Calling, therefore, the number of atoms driven 

 ofi* from each stratum z, and the number of such strata s, and 

 the entire number of atoms expelled r, then r^=zzs. Further, 

 if the temperature of the fluid be equable throughout, it is 

 obvious that the number of atoms in each of the new strata 

 will equal the number of atoms that were in each of the old 

 strata, minus the number of atoms expelled from each, or, cal- 

 ling the number that were in each of the former strata x, then 

 a? — z =■ number in each of the additional strata. Conse- 

 quently the number of additional strata, (being equal to the 

 entire number of atoms driven up, divided by the number in 



each of these additional strata,) will equal = > 



where must be an integer, as of course the surface of 



the fluid will be level. 



Calling now the altitude of the fluid for the original given 

 temperature hy and the interval between the strata, supposing 

 the particles arranged directly one above another, t ; also the 

 distance between the lowest stratum and the bottom of the 



